List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations PART 1: Context Chapter 1 The Scope of this Book Chapter 2 Setting the Scene PART 2: Historical Background Chapter 3 History of Foreign Language Education in Japan Chapter 4 Exploring the Historical Literature (1) Chapter 5 Exploring the Historical Literature (2) Chapter 6 Data Sources, Collection and Analysis PART 3: Interviews and Their Implications Chapter 7 The Interviews: What We Learned Chapter 8 Concluding Thoughts Appendix A Examples of Publications Appendix B School Systems Appendix C A List of Japanese Names Translated into English Appendix D The Locations of the Middle Level Schools Attended by Participants (Except for Yoko) as well as Other Places Referred in the Book. Appendix E Summary of Warfare Between the Manchurian Incident and the Pacific War Appendix F Political Occurrences and the Periods of the Participants' Middle-level Schooling Appendix G The Numbers of English Majors in Hiroshima Arts and Sciences University and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Appendix H Employment of Foreign Teachers Appendix I Information on the Participants (Age Order) Appendix J Sample Interview Questions Appendix K The Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan Bibliography Glossary Bibliography Index.