BASICS OF TOXICOLOGY CONNECTED TO FOOD Introduction What is Toxicology? Short History of Toxicology Dose and Response Interactions of Toxic Substances Classification of Toxicants Some Toxicology-Related Principles of Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Routes of Xenobiotics in Organism Entry and Absorption of Foreign Compounds Distribution of the Xenobiotics in the Organism Metabolism of Xenobiotics Elimination of Xenobiotics and/or Metabolites from Organism Biomagnification Antidotes Toxic Response Variability of Toxic Response Types of Toxic Response Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity Biomarkers of Toxic Effect Analytical Toxicology Determination of Foreign Compounds General Principles Hyphenated Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Methods Immunological Methods for Sample Preparation and Analysis Evaluation of Toxicity of Substances Epidemiological Studies Animal Tests Cell Culture Tests Computer Calculations Acute Toxicity Tests Subacute/Chronic Toxicity Tests Chronic Toxicity Tests; Acceptable Daily Intake Other Toxicity Tests Toxicological Safety and Risk Analysis Toxicological Safety Risk Assessment Internet Sources of Toxicological Information MAIN GROUPS OF FOOD-BORNE TOXICANTS Endogenous Plant Toxicants Lectins or Hemagglutinins; Ricin Enzyme Inhibitors Alkaloids Cyanogenic Glucosides; Toxicity Mechanism of HCN Phytoestrogens Glucosinolates Coumarin Thujones Anisatine Toxic Amino Acids Toxic Lipids Oxalates Fluoroacetates Bracken toxins Saponins Grayanotoxin Mushroom Toxins Geochemical Pollutants that a Plant Assimilates from Soil Arsenic Selenium Fluorine Environmental Pollutants Toxic Chemical Elements Radionuclides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans Mycotoxins Overview Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Fumonisins Trichothecenes Patulin Citrinin and Citreoviridin Ergot Toxins Other Mycotoxins Combined Toxicity of Mycotoxins. Animal Endogenous Toxins Prions Lactose Phytanic acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin Food Toxins from Sea Shellfish Toxicants Fish Toxins Pesticide Residues Overview of Pesticides Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives Antibiotics Hormones Other Veterinary Drugs Toxicants Unintentionally Entering Food during Processing, Storage and Digestion General Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Alcohols Bacterial Toxins Biogenic Vasoactive Amines Nitrates, Nitrites and Nitrosoamines. Acrylamide. Chlorinated Propanols Phthalates Bisphenols Food Additives Traditional Food Additives Functional Additives Vitamins General Principles Vitamin A; Phenomenon of Smokers. Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B2 Vitamin B6 Vitamin C Vitamin B3 Diagnosing and Therapy of Vitamin Intoxications Glossary.