Basics of Toxicology Connected to Food Introduction What is Toxicology? Short History of Toxicology Toxicity, Dose, and Response Integrated Effect of Toxic Substances Classification of Toxicants Some Toxicology-Related Principles of Basics of Cell Biology and Biochemistry References Routes of Xenobiotics in an Organism Entry and Absorption of Foreign Substances Distribution of Xenobiotics in an Organism Metabolism of Xenobiotics Elimination of Xenobiotics and their Metabolites from Organism Biomagnification Antidotes References Toxic Response Variability in Toxic Response Physiological Classification of Toxic Responses Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity Biomarkers of Toxic Effect References Analytical Toxicology: Determination of Foreign Compounds Introduction Sample Preparation Mouse Bioassay: Functional Analysis Biological Methods: Biosensors Immunochemical Methods: Immunosensors . Spectrophotometric (Colorimetric) Methods Electrophoretic Methods Chromatographic Methods Detectors References Evaluation of Toxicity of Substances Epidemiological Studies Animal Tests Cell-Culture Tests--Elaboration of Alternative Methods Computer Calculations Acute Toxicity Tests Subacute/Chronic Toxicity Tests Chronic Toxicity Tests Specific Toxicity Tests References Toxicological Safety and Risk Analysis Toxicological Safety Risk Assessment Risk.Benefit Analysis References MAIN GROUPS OF FOOD-BORNE TOXICANTS Endogenous Plant Toxicants Lectins or Hemagglutinins Enzyme Inhibitors Alkaloids Cyanogenic Glycosides. Toxicity Mechanisms of HCN Phytoestrogens Glucosinolates Coumarin Thujones Toxic Amino Acids Toxic Lipids Oxalates Fluoroacetates Bracken Toxins Saponins Grayanotoxin Soybean as a Potential Source of Versatile Toxicants Mushroom Toxins Miscelleaneous Genetically Modified Plants References Geochemical Pollutants that Plants Absorb from Soil Arsenic Selenium Fluorine References Environmental Pollutants Toxic Elements Radionuclides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans References Mycotoxins Overview Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Fumonisins Trichothecenes Patulin Citrinin and Citreoviridin Ergot Toxins Other Mycotoxins Combined Toxicity of Mycotoxins References Animal Endogenous Poisons Prions Lactose Phytanic Acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin References Food Toxicants from Aquatic Animals Shellfish Toxicants Fish Toxins References Pesticide Residues Overview Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides References Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives Antibiotics Hormones Other Veterinary Drugs References Toxicants Unintentionally Entering Food During Processing, Storage, and Digestion of Fsification of Toxic Responses Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity Biomarkers of Toxic Effect References Analytical Toxicology: Determination of Foreign Compounds Introduction Sample Preparation Mouse Bioassay: Functional Analysis Biological Methods: Biosensors Immunochemical Methods: Immunosensors . Spectrophotometric (Colorimetric) Methods Electrophoretic Methods Chromatographic Methods Detectors References Evaluation of Toxicity of Substances Epidemiological Studies Animal Tests Cell-Culture Tests--Elaboration of Alternative Methods Computer Calculations Acute Toxicity Tests Subacute/Chronic Toxicity Tests Chronic Toxicity Tests Specific Toxicity Tests References Toxicological Safety and Risk Analysis Toxicological Safety Risk Assessment Risk.Benefit Analysis References MAIN GROUPS OF FOOD-BORNE TOXICANTS Endogenous Plant Toxicants Lectins or Hemagglutinins Enzyme Inhibitors Alkaloids Cyanogenic Glycosides. Toxicity Mechanisms of HCN Phytoestrogens Glucosinolates Coumarin Thujones Toxic Amino Acids Toxic Lipids Oxalates Fluoroacetates Bracken Toxins Saponins Grayanotoxin Soybean as a Potential Source of Versatile Toxicants Mushroom Toxins Miscelleaneous Genetically Modified Plants References Geochemical Pollutants that Plants Absorb from Soil Arsenic Selenium Fluorine References Environmental Pollutants Toxic Elements Radionuclides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans References Mycotoxins Overview Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Fumonisins Trichothecenes Patulin Citrinin and Citreoviridin Ergot Toxins Other Mycotoxins Combined Toxicity of Mycotoxins References Animal Endogenous Poisons Prions Lactose Phytanic Acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin References Food Toxicants from Aquatic Animals Shellfish Toxicants Fish Toxins References Pesticide Residues Overview Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides References Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives Antibiotics Hormones Other Veterinary Drugs References Toxicants Unintentionally Entering Food During Processing, Storage, and Digestion of Fxicity Tests References Toxicological Safety and Risk Analysis Toxicological Safety Risk Assessment Risk.Benefit Analysis References MAIN GROUPS OF FOOD-BORNE TOXICANTS Endogenous Plant Toxicants Lectins or Hemagglutinins Enzyme Inhibitors Alkaloids Cyanogenic Glycosides.

Toxicity Mechanisms of HCN Phytoestrogens Glucosinolates Coumarin Thujones Toxic Amino Acids Toxic Lipids Oxalates Fluoroacetates Bracken Toxins Saponins Grayanotoxin Soybean as a Potential Source of Versatile Toxicants Mushroom Toxins Miscelleaneous Genetically Modified Plants References Geochemical Pollutants that Plants Absorb from Soil Arsenic Selenium Fluorine References Environmental Pollutants Toxic Elements Radionuclides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans References Mycotoxins Overview Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Fumonisins Trichothecenes Patulin Citrinin and Citreoviridin Ergot Toxins Other Mycotoxins Combined Toxicity of Mycotoxins References Animal Endogenous Poisons Prions Lactose Phytanic Acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin References Food Toxicants from Aquatic Animals Shellfish Toxicants Fish Toxins References Pesticide Residues Overview Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides References Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives Antibiotics Hormones Other Veterinary Drugs References Toxicants Unintentionally Entering Food During Processing, Storage, and Digestion of Famp;lt;B> Geochemical Pollutants that Plants Absorb from Soil Arsenic Selenium Fluorine References Environmental Pollutants Toxic Elements Radionuclides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans References Mycotoxins Overview Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Sterigmatocystin Zearalenone Fumonisins Trichothecenes Patulin Citrinin and Citreoviridin Ergot Toxins Other Mycotoxins Combined Toxicity of Mycotoxins References Animal Endogenous Poisons Prions Lactose Phytanic Acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin References Food Toxicants from Aquatic Animals Shellfish Toxicants Fish Toxins References Pesticide Residues Overview Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides References Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives Antibiotics Hormones Other Veterinary Drugs References Toxicants Unintentionally Entering Food During Processing, Storage, and Digestion of F>Prions Lactose Phytanic Acid Avidin Vitamins of Animal Origin References