Preface viii Acknowledgements x 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System 1 Introduction 1 The Male Reproductive System 3 Spermatogenesis 6 Sperm 7 Epididymis 8 The Vas Deferens, Spermatic Cord and Ejaculatory Duct 9 The Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Gland 9 Prostate-specific Antigen 11 Structure and Function of the Penis 12 Anatomical Overview 12 Vascular and Neural Control of Erection 13 Clinical Considerations 14 Hormonal Regulation of Male Reproductive Function 14 Clinical Considerations 18 onclusion 18 Glossary of Terms 18 Multiple Choice Questions 20 References 21 2 Engaging with Patients and Assessing the Male Reproductive System 22 Introduction 22 Trans and Non-binary Patients 23 Language and Its Impact 24 Promoting Patient-centred Care 25 Collaborative Relationships 27 Cultural Sensitivity 28 Health Literacy 31 Assessing the Male Reproductive System 32 The Patient History 33 Physical Examination 36 Tests and Investigations 39 Other Observations 41 Clinical Judgement 41 Documentation 42 Conclusion 42 Glossary of Terms 43 Multiple Choice Questions 44 References 46 3 Health Promotion 48 Introduction 48 Men''s Health and Health Promotion 49 The Lifespan 50 Key Public Health Issues 51 Social Determinants of Health and Inequalities 53 The Role of Healthcare Professionals 54 Digital Health, Media and Community Engagement 59 Workplaces, Sports Settings and Online Communities 59 Conclusion 60 Glossary of Terms 61 Multiple Choice Questions 62 References 64 4 Planning Care: Prostate Cancer Introduction 66 Prostate Cancer 67 Types of Prostate Cancer 68 Pathophysiology of Prostate Cancer 69 Patterns of Spread 71 Staging of Prostate Cancer 72 Clinical Features 75 Impact of Advanced Prostate Cancer 77 Diagnosing Prostate Cancer 78 Emerging Tests 79 Communicating the Diagnosis 79 Family and Carers 80 Planning Care 81 Management Options 82 Side Effects and Palliative Needs 83 Inequality in Prostate Cancer 84 Conclusion 85 Glossary of Terms 85 Multiple Choice Questions 86 References 88 5 Vital Signs 90 Introduction 90 Vital Signs and Reproductive Health 92 Measuring and Interpreting Vital Signs 95 Documentation 96 Interpretation of Data 97 Integrated Clinical Reasoning 98 Gender-sensitive Practice 101 Social Determinants and Disparities 103 Clinical Implications 107 Digital Tools 107 Conclusion 108 Glossary of Terms 108 Multiple Choice Questions 109 References 111 6 Examination of the Prostate Gland 113 Introduction 113 Anatomy and Physiology Overview 115 Clinical Indications and Contraindications 118 Communication and Preparation 119 Example Phrasing 119 Patient Positioning 120 Procedure 123 Complementary Investigations 127 Biopsy Techniques and Risk Considerations 127 Future Directions in Prostate Assessment 128 Managing Embarrassment 129 Conclusion 130 Glossary of Terms 130 Multiple Choice Questions 131 References 132 7 Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening 134 A Note on Terms 134 Introduction 134 Principles of STI screening in Men 135 Target Populations 137 Legal, Ethical and Cultural Considerations 137 Skills and STI Screening 139 Communication Skills 140 Clinical Assessment 142 General Physical Examination 142 Male Genital Examination 142 Practical Skills Focus 144 Diagnostic Skills 145 Laboratory Methods 147 Results 147 Health Promotion 148 Conclusion 149 Glossary of Terms 150 Multiple Choice Questions 151 References 152 8 Specimen Collection 154 Introduction 154 Principles of Specimen Collection 155 Infection Prevention and Control 155 Consent and Ethical Considerations 158 Communication and Patient Engagement 158 Sample Handling and Transport 158 Semen Collection 159 Urine and Urethral Swabs 163 Blood Samples 166 Documentation, Labelling and Quality Assurance 170 Conclusion 172 Glossary of Terms 172 Multiple Choice Questions 173 References 175 MCQ Answers 176 Index 177.