The two parts forming this booklet highlight the role of alterity in Mikahil Bakhtin's overall theoretical horizon: the first part examines his philosophy of literature, the second considers eventual contributions from Bakhtinian categories for renewal in philosophy of language. These two parts are closely interconnected because philosophy of literature and philosophy of language are the two inseparable faces of a unitary project subtending Bakhtin's search for a new moral philosophy. They both live in Italy.