PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorChapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology Psychopharmacology Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology? What Is a Drug? Psychoactive Drugs Are Described by Manner of Use Generic, Brand, Chemical, and Street Names for Drugs Drug Effects Correspond With Doses Objective and Subjective Effects of Psychoactive Drugs Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs Validity and the Interpretation of Study Findings Ethical Considerations in Research From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 2: The Nervous System Cells in the Nervous System The Nervous System The Central Nervous System Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal Fluid Genes and the Physiological Processes of Cells From Actions to Effects: Advances in Therapeutic Use of CRISPR Genetic Technology Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 3: Neurotransmission Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters Electrical Potentials Along Axons Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons Neurotransmitters: Signaling Molecules for Neuronal Communication Neurotransmitters and Receptors Types of Neurotransmitters Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System From Actions to Effects: Probiotics and Mental Health Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 4: Properties of Drugs Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors Adapting to Chronic Drug Use From Actions to Effects: Environmental Neurotoxicology Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 5: Recreational Substances and Substance Use Disorders Regulation of Controlled Substances Defining and Diagnosing Problematic Drug Use Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders Theoretical Models and the Features of Substance Use Disorders Recreational Substances and Reward Circuitry Chronic Use of Recreational Substances and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction Mortality and Substance Use Disorders Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Substance Use Disorders From Actions to Effects: Food Addiction Chapter Summary Key Terms A Final Note About Problematic Drug UseChapter 6: Psychostimulants Psychostimulants: Herbal Products, Prescription Drugs, and Recreational Substances Pharmacokinetics of Psychostimulants Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for ADHD Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine Nicotine and Tobacco History of Tobacco Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tobacco Nicotine''s Effects on Neurotransmission Nicotine''s Pharmacological Effects Differences in Smoking Characteristics From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit Caffeine Caffeine Pharmacokinetics Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects Tolerance and Withdrawal During Sustained Caffeine Use From Actions to Effects: Caffeine Habit? Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 8: Depressants Types of Depressant Substances Depressants and GABA Neurotransmission Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Z-Drugs Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Inhalants Other Depressant Substances From Actions to Effects: Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Depressant Drugs Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 9: Alcohol Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation A Brief History of Alcohol Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol''s Effects Alcohol and Interactions With Other Drugs Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol Adverse Effects of Alcohol Tolerance and Sensitization to Alcohol Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal Treating Alcohol Use Disorder From Actions to Effects: Hangover Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 10: Opioids Opioids: Natural and Synthetic History of Opioids Pharmacokinetic Properties of Opioids Opioid Drugs and the Endogenous Opioid System Opioid Drugs Are Classified by Receptor Actions Opioids and the Reward System Opioids and Pain Opioid Rewarding and Analgesic Effects From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Use Disorder Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 11: Cannabinoids Cannabinoids and the Cannabis Plant History of Cannabis Methods of Cannabis Preparation and Use Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Cannabinoids Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids Cannabis Use Disorder Health Risks of Cannabis From Actions to Effects: Medical Use of Cannabinoids Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs Entactogens Glutaminergic Psychedelic Drugs Other Psychedelic Drugs From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 13: Antipsychotic Drugs Mental Disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenia''s Complex Neurobiological Profile A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment Neurotransmission Hypotheses for Schizophrenia Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Other Treatments for Schizophrenia Antipsychotic Drugs and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Antipsychotic Drugs and Parkinson''s Disease Psychosis From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 14: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder Depression Antidepressant Drugs Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development Pharmacogenetic Factors in Antidepressant Treatment Combination Drug Strategies for Treating Depression Combining Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Treating Depression Antidepressant Drug Actions on Neurotransmission and Neuronal Growth Bipolar Disorder Pharmacological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder From Actions to Effects: Psychedelic Drugs and Unique Antidepressant Effects Chapter Summary Key TermsChapter 15: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Structures Involved in Fear and Anxiety Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System Stress and the HPA Axis Treatment of Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD MDMA Treatment for PTSD From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety? Chapter Summary Key TermsGlossaryEndnotesReferences.