Preface xix Acknowledgement xxi Part I: Microbial Pigment Sources and Diversity 1 1 Introduction to Microbial Colorants 3 Luqman Jameel Rather, Shazia Shaheen Mir and Zeenat Islam 1.1 Background and Significance 3 1.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments 5 1.3 Industrial Applications of Microbial Pigments 14 1.4 Conclusion 23 2 Bacterial Pigments: Diversity and Biosynthesis Pathways 33 Iqra Hakeem, Ayesha Ubaid, Mohan Kamthan, Mohammad Abid and Asghar Ali 2.1 Introduction 34 2.2 Diversity of Bacterial Pigments 35 2.3 Applications of Bacterial Pigments 44 2.
4 Future Research 46 2.5 Conclusion 47 3 Fungal Pigments: A Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Colors 51 Taiyaba Nimra Ansari, Sanjeeda Iqbal and Aastha Shrivastava 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 What are Fungal Pigments? 52 3.3 Why Fungal Pigments? 52 3.4 Source of Fungal Pigments 53 3.5 Extraction Methods of Fungal Pigments 65 3.6 Applications of Fungal Pigments 67 3.
7 Limitations and Challenges 71 3.8 Mycotoxicity Testing 71 3.9 Conclusion 72 4 Algal and Cyanobacterial Colorants: From Chlorophyll to Phycocyanin 81 Tugce Mutaf-Kilic and Suphi S. Oncel 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Microalgae Pigments 83 4.3 Production and Extraction Methodologies for Enhancement the Pigment Productivity 86 4.4 Industrial Applications and Market Trends of Microalgae Pigments 93 4.
5 Sustainability of Microalgae Pigments and Future Perspectives 95 4.6 Conclusion 99 5 Nonconventional Microbial Sources--Yeast, Actinomycetes, Archaea 107 Shruthi Prakash H. P., Sangeetha Gowda K. R. and Sunil S. More 5.1 Introduction 108 5.
2 Nonconventional Microbes 109 5.3 Nonconventional Hosts with Important Industrial Applications 117 5.4 Genetic Engineering Tools for Nonconventional Microbes 118 5.5 Software Packaging Tools for CRISPR Screen Evaluation 121 5.6 Comprehensive Understanding of Genetic Modification Tools on Microbial Nonconventional Platforms 122 5.7 Conclusion 124 Part II: Chemistry of Microbial Pigments 129 6 Introduction to Chemistry of Microbial Colorants: Structures, Properties, and Biosynthesis 131 P. Vitha Ramesh, Sangeetha Gowda K. R.
and Sunil S. More 6.1 Introduction 132 6.2 Isoprenoid Pigments 132 6.3 Flavins 138 6.4 Tetrapyrrole-Containing Pigments 142 6.5 Alkaloid Pigments 148 6.6 Polyketide Pigments 156 6.
7 Phenol-Containing Pigments 161 6.8 Melanins 162 6.9 Siderophores 164 6.10 Conclusion and Future Prospectives 169 7 Microbial Pigment Extraction and Purification Techniques 177 Mariana B. N. Alves and Jorge F. B. Pereira 7.
1 Introduction 177 7.2 Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques 178 7.3 Purification of Microbial Pigments 185 7.4 Polishing Operations 187 7.5 Conclusions 187 Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing 188 8 Extraction and Purification of Microbial Pigments: Eco-Friendly Techniques and Applications 193 Gazi Farhan Ishraque Toki, Rony Mia and Rezaul Karim Khan Alave 8.1 Introduction 193 8.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments 195 8.3 Extraction Techniques 200 8.
4 Purification Techniques 205 8.5 Applications 206 8.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives 211 8.7 Conclusions 212 9 Chlorophylls: The Verdant World of Photosynthetic Pigments 223 Mohamed Mendili and Ayda Khadhri 9.1 Introduction 223 9.2 Photosynthesis Types 225 9.3 Photosynthetic Micro-Organisms 226 9.4 Structural Diversity of Chlorophyll 226 9.
5 Bacteriochlorophylls (BChl) 230 9.6 Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway 232 9.7 Enzymes Implicated in Chlorophyll Pathways 233 9.8 The Function of Chlorophylls in Microbes 233 9.9 Biotechnological Applications of Microbial Chlorophylls 234 9.10 Prospects for Research and Applications 235 9.11 Conclusion 235 10 Phycobiliproteins: Algal and Cyanobacterial Pigments Radiating Vivid Colors 241 Ajay Nair, Archana S. Rao, Bibi Ayesha, Hima A.
Salu, Qurba Ashraf, Aisiri S. Hebbar, Yuktha K., Paras Khadyal, Poulamee S., Veena S. M. and Sunil S. More 10.1 Introduction 241 10.
2 Phycobiliproteins- Types and the Structural Architecture 242 10.3 Biosynthesis of Phycobiliprotein 244 10.4 Phycobiliproteins: Production Modus Operandi 245 10.5 Applications of Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) 252 10.6 Conclusion 254 11 From Cells to Pigments: A Comprehensive Overview of Microbial Flavin Production and Applications of the Yellow Pigments 261 Shashwata Mainak, Nilendu Basak, Ankita Chatterjee, Ekramul Islam and Atif Aziz Chowdhury 11.1 Introduction 262 11.2 Sources of Natural Yellow Pigment 263 11.3 Biosynthesis of Microbial Yellow Pigment 264 11.
4 Synthesis Optimization of Microbial Yellow Pigment 266 11.5 Applications of Yellow Pigment 267 11.6 Conclusion and Future Aspect 269 12 Polyketides: Complex Pigments From Microbes with Medicinal Potential 275 Poorniammal R., Prabhu S. and Dufossé L. 12.1 Introduction 275 12.2 Polyketide Biosynthesis 276 12.
3 Polyketide Pigment from Insects 277 12.4 Polyketide Pigment from Microbes 277 12.5 Conclusion 283 13 Amino Acid-Derived Pigments: Microbial Mastery in Coloration 287 Taniya Roy, Nilendu Basak, Shashwata Mainak and Ekramul Islam 13.1 Introduction 288 13.2 Different Types of Amino Acid--Derived Pigments 288 13.3 Technical Challenges and Possible Solutions 297 13.4 Circular Economy and Waste Valorization 298 13.5 Conclusion 298 14 Cyclic Peptides and Betalains: Microbial Pigments Unveiling Nature''s Structural Elegance and Colorful Palette 305 A Z M Mofasser, Md Imran Howlader, Md Mahbubul Alam, Nadim Ibn Sayed and Rony Mia 14.
1 Introduction 305 14.2 Cyclic Peptides 306 14.3 Betalains 318 14.4 Elucidation Techniques for Determining Molecular Structure 325 14.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 328 15 Indigoid Pigments: Unveiling the Blues and Violets of Microbial Artistry 345 A Z M Mofasser, Nadim Ibn Sayed, Md Imran Howlader and Rony Mia 15.1 Introduction 345 15.2 Chronicles of Discovery of Indigoid Pigments 346 15.3 Diversity of Indigoid Pigments 348 15.
4 Characteristics of Indigoid Pigments 350 15.5 Sources of Natural Indigoid Pigments 350 15.6 Extraction Technique of Indigoid Pigment from Plant Sources 352 15.7 Biosynthesis of Indigoid Pigments 353 15.8 Applications and Uses 356 15.9 Challenges and Future Perspectives 358 15.10 Conclusion 359 Part III: Applications and Sustainable Impacts 367 16 Microbial Pigments in Cosmetics and Personal Care 369 Poorniammal R., Prabhu S.
, Jernisha J. and Dufossé L. 16.1 Introduction 370 16.2 Analysis of Current Market Trends in the Cosmetics Industry 370 16.3 The Impact of Synthetic Pigments on the Health of Cosmetics 371 16.4 Plant-Derived Pigments 372 16.5 Microbial-Derived Natural Pigments 373 16.
6 Utilization of Microbial Pigments for Cosmetic Purposes 379 16.7 Conclusion 380 17 Microbial Pigments in Fashion, Art, and Packaging 385 Shahid Adeel, Zafer Ozomay, Meral Ozomay, Guzal Massadikova and Sidra Nasir 17.1 Introduction 385 17.2 Microbial Pigments 386 17.3 Use of Microbial Pigments in Fashion and Textile 388 17.4 Use of Microbial Pigments in Art 390 17.5 Use of Microbial Pigments in Packaging 390 17.6 Conclusions 391 18 Microbial Colorants for Eco-Friendly Textile Coloration 397 Alexandre M.
S. Jorge and Jorge F. B. Pereira 18.1 Textile Industry Overview 398 18.2 Synthetic Dyes in Textile Dyeing and Printing 399 18.3 Potential of Microbial Colorants in Textile Dyeing 403 18.4 Potential of Microbial Colorants in Textile Printing 407 18.
5 Emerging Dyeing and Printing Techniques 408 18.6 Final Remarks and Future Perspectives 410 Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing 411 19 Microbial Colorants for Sustainable Dyeing and Printing of Textiles 417 Md. Mazharul Haque, Tamjida Islam, Iffat Ara Anannya, Noor-E-Farzana Annesha and Mohammad Tajul Islam 19.1 Introduction 417 19.2 Colorants Used in Textile Industry 419 19.3 Dyeing Procedure 423 19.4 Microbial Pigments in Textile Printing 434 19.5 Challenges and Opportunities for the Industrial Application of Microbial Pigments 441 19.
6 Conclusion 442 20 Microbial Colorants in Technological Advancements: From Sensors to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 447 Tamjida Islam, Iffat Ara Anannya, Yousuf Mahmud, Sayef Ahmed and Mohammad Tajul Islam 20.1 Introduction 447 20.2 Microbial Colorants in Colorimetric Sensors 448 20.3 Microbial Colorants in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 460 20.4 Conclusion 482 21 Microbiological Colorants in Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Sensors 487 Manisha Sheoran 21.1 Introduction 488 21.2 Importance of Microbial Colorants 490 21.3 Literature Review 491 21.
4 Conclusion 496 <.