"The focus of this book is not only on doing research as course work, but also to organise and conduct the whole research process with a view to publishing important results. The editors own 7Ps model (Saliya, 2021), will be improved by adding three more essential elements to match the purpose of this book to include activities such as Planning (research design), Programming (time frames, co-ordinating and budgeting) and Publishing. The 10 elements are identified as; 1. Paradigm; Positivism, Interpretivism, Constructivism and Critical thought etc. 2. Perspective; Marxism, Power-knowledge, Feminism, Structuralism, Bourdieus theory etc. 3. Purpose; Articulating research problem, constructing hypothesis etc.

4. Previous knowledge; literature review, Knowledge gap and significance etc. 5. Planning: Research resign 6. Programming; Ethical issues, timing and budgeting etc. 7. Plot (strategies); Quantitative methods, Introducing commonly used software and their strengths and weaknesses, Qualitative methods, Mixed methods and Quantitative Vs Qualitative debate etc etc. 8.

Procedures (methods); Gathering/collecting, recording and storing data/evidence via surveys, interviews, observations and exploring insights etc. 9. Persuasion (drawing conclusions); Developing cogent arguments, methods of reasoning such as deduction, induction and abduction etc. 10. Publishing; Selecting journals, writing abstracts, addressing issues raised by reviewers. This exercise is not a smooth process that moves from one stage to another, or a sequential process like peeling an onion, layer by layer; nor is it a process that starts from roots of ontology and epistemology and spreads like a tree growing upwards for methodology, it is not a straitjacket where the researcher is confined to a particular box"--.