Preface xi 1 Waste Biomass to Alternative Fuels: An Overview through Different Generations of Biofuels 1 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 1.1 Introduction 2 1.1.1 Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass 3 1.1.2 Generations of Biofuels 4 1.1.3 Possibilities and Challenges 13 1.
2 Conclusion 15 References 15 2 Pretreatment Methods of Waste Biomass: A Broad Overview 21 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Broad Overview of Pretreatment 23 2.2.1 Existing Physicochemical Promising Approaches for Pretreating Biomass 26 2.2.1.1 Physical Pretreatment Approaches 27 2.
2.1.2 Chemical Pretreatment 27 2.2.1.3 Physicochemical Pretreatment Methods 32 2.2.1.
4 Biological Pretreatment 35 References 38 3 Current Advancements and Challenges for Biomethane Production 45 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Production Methods of Methane 46 3.3 Production of Biomethane and Biochemistry of Processes 49 3.3.1 Hydrolysis 50 3.3.2 Acidogenesis 51 3.
3.3 Acetogenesis 52 3.3.4 Methanogenesis 53 3.4 Main Factors Affecting the Biogas Production 56 3.4.1 Hydraulic Retention Time 56 3.4.
2 Nutrients 57 3.4.3 pH of Feed Stock 57 3.4.4 Temperature 58 3.4.5 Organic Loading Rates 58 3.4.
6 Retention Time 59 3.4.7 Mixing 59 3.4.8 Oxygen 59 3.4.9 Volatile Fatty Acids 59 3.4.
10 Free Ammonia 59 3.4.11 Biogas Production 60 3.5 Conclusion 61 References 62 4 Production of Biohydrogen: Process Technologies at a Glance 67 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Applications of Hydrogen 69 4.3 The Production of Hydrogen 71 4.4 Biochemistry of Dark Fermentation 74 4.
5 Conclusion 75 References 76 5 Biobutanol as Alternative Fuel: A Brief Outline on Current Advancements 79 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 The ABE Fermentation Process 84 5.3 Challenges and Possible Outcomes in the ABE Fermentation 89 5.4 Conclusion 91 References 92 6 Biomethanol as a Potential Source for Sustainable Energy 99 Prakash Kumar Sarangi 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Application of Methanol 101 6.3 Production of Biomethanol 101 6.
4 Conclusion 105 References 105 About the Author 109 Index 111.