This book traces the development and expansion of a network of itinerant Fulbe clerics in southern Senegambia who forged solidarity under the banner of Islam. Beginning with a marabout named Cherno Muhammadu Jallow (c. 1803-1883)--who expanded the Umarian branch of the Tijaniyya sect into remote parts of the region--Assan Sarr demonstrates that some Fulbe groups were not drawn into Islam until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He argues that by creating a series of villages that served as educational centers during a tumultuous period, the itinerant scholars who are at the heart of this book not only spread Islam throughout the land of the Firdu, Saloum, and parts of the Gambia region but also played a pivotal role in establishing a widely shared Muslim identity among the Fulbe people.