1. An Introduction to the Skeleton and Bone The Teminology of Anatomical Position Units of the Skeleton and Their Articular Realtions Gross Anatomy of Bone Osteogenesis: the Formation of Bone Regulation of and Abnormalities in Bone Growth Other Pathological Aspects of Bone Growth and Physiology 2. The Skull External Morphology Internal Morphology Individual Bones of the Skull 3. The Postcranial Axial Skeleton: The Vertebral Column, Sacrum, Sternum, and Ribs Vertebral Column: Overview True Vertebrae First and Second Cervical Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx Sternum Ribs 4. The Upper LImb Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna The Hand Carpus Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Metacarpal Bones Phalanges 5. The Lower Limb Pelvic Girdle Femur Patella Tibia Fibula The Foot Tarsus Talus Calcaneus Navicular Medial Cuneiform Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid Metatarsal Bones Phalanges 6. Teeth Basic Gross Dental Anatomy Differentiating Dentitions Tooth Surfaces and Orientation Tooth Development Enamel Determination of Tooth Shape Supernumerary Teeth and Tooth Agenesis Basic Nomenclature of Crown Anatomy Molars: An Overview Upper Molars Upper Premolars Upper Canine Upper Incisors Lower Molars Lower Premolars Lower Canine Lower Incisors Summary of Permanent Tooth Identification Deciduous Teeth Tooth Eruption and Root Formation 7. Aging Overview Childhood Juvenile Age Adulthood Age-Related Changes in Teeth The Complex Method of Determining Adult Age The Multifactorial Method of Determining Summary Age Histological Age-Related Changes in Bone 8.

Pathology: Disease, Trauma, and Stress Overview Infectious Diseases of Bone Joint Diseases Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) Tumors Bone Necrosis Fractures and Trauma Infectious and Degenerative Diseases of the Jaws and Teeth 9. Differentially Expressed Morphological Character States: Nonmetric Variation, Race, and Sex Determination Overview Considering the Bases of NOndental, Nonmetric Variation Dental Nonmetric Traits The Assessment of Skeletal Sexual Dimorphism Nonmetric Variation, Sexual Dimorphism, and Populations Appendix A: Bone Synonymy Appendix B: Regions and Bones of the Adult Skeleton Appendix C: Glossary of Terms of Position, Orientation, and Movement Directions and Positions Planes Movement Appendix D: Bone Topography and Landmarks Elevations Depressions Openings Appendix E: Identifying Fragments: Determining Anatomical Position and Side Appendix F: Glossary of Osteometric Landmarks and Anatomical Regions Midsagittal Landmarks of the Skull Bilateral (Paired) Landmarks of the Skull Postcranial Landmarks Anatomical Regions Appendix G: Osteometry Cranial and Mandibular Measurements Cranial and Mandibular Indices Postcranial Measurements Postcranial Indices Appendix H: Comparative Osteology: Human, Deer, Bear, Pig Index.