Preface 1. An Introduction to Skeletal Anatomy and the Development, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Bone The Terminology of Anatomical Position Units of the Skeleton and Their Articular Relations Gross Anatomy of Bone Osteogenesis: The Formation of Bone Regulation of and Abnormalities in Bone Growth Other Pathological Aspects of Bone Growth and Physiology Bone Biochemistry and Diet 2. The Skull External Morphology Cranium Facial Skeleton Internal Morphology Skullcap Base of the Skull Nasal Cavity 3. Individual Bones of the Skull Mandible Morphology Development and Ossification Maxilla Morphology Development and Ossification The Palatine Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Nasal Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Lacrimal Bone Frontal Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Parietal Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Zygoma Morphology Development and Ossification Vomer Inferior Nasal Concha Ethmoid Morphology Development and Ossification Temporal Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Occipital Bone Morphology Development and Ossification Sphenoid Morphology Development and Ossification Hyoid Inner Ear Bones 4. The Postcranial Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column, Sacrum, Sternum, and Ribs Vertebral Column: Overview Morphology Development and Ossification True Vertebrae Morphology Development and Ossification First and Second Cervical Vertebrae Morphology Development and Ossification Sacrum Morphology Development and Ossification Coccyx Morphology Development and Ossification Sternum Morphology Development and Ossification Ribs Morphology Development and Ossification 5. The Upper Limb Scapula Morphology Development and Ossification Clavicle Morphology Development and Ossification Humerus Morphology Development and Ossification Radius Morphology Development and Ossification Ulna Morphology Development and Ossification The Hand Carpus Ossification of the Carpals Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Metacarpals Morphology Development and Ossification Phalanges Morphology Development and Ossification Determination of Stature from Upper Limb Bones 6. The Lower Limb Pelvic Girdle Morphology Development and Ossification Femur Morphology Development and Ossification Patella Tibia Morphology Development and Ossification Fibula Morphology Development and Ossification The Foot Tarsus Morphology Development and Ossification Talus Calcaneus Navicular Medial Cuneiform Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform Cuboid Metatarsals Morphology Development and Ossification Phalanges Morphology Development and Ossification Determination of Stature from Lower Limb Bones 7. Teeth Basic Gross Dental Anatomy Different Dentitions: An Overview Tooth Surfaces and Orientation Basic Nomenclature of Crown Anatomy Molars: An Overview Upper Molars Upper Premolars Upper Canine Upper Incisors Lower Molars Lower Premolars Lower Canine Lower Incisors Summary of Permanent Tooth Identification Incisors Canines Premolars Molars Deciduous Teeth Enamel: Normal and Other Features Supernumerary Teeth and Tooth Agenesis Tooth Eruption and Root Formation Crown Development: An Overview Molecular Regulation of Crown Development: A Brief Overview 8.

Aging Overview Childhood Tooth Formation Sequences: A Brief Overview Tooth Formation and Eruption Sequences: A Discussion Cranium Postcranium Juvenile Age Overview Epiphyseal Union Adulthood Pubic Symphysis Auricular Region (Ilium) Rib (Sternal End) Other Postcranial Elements Skull Age-Related Changes in Teeth The Complex Method of Determining Adult Age (After Acsádi and Nemeskéri, 1970) The Proximal Humerus: Phases of Age-Related Change The Proximal Femur: Phases of Age-Related Change The Pubic Symphysis: Phases of Age-Related Change Calculation of Age The Multifactorial Method of Determining Summary Age (After Lovejoy et al., 1985a) Histological Age-Related Changes in Bone Specimen Preparation Gross Histological Changes in Cortical Bone Detailed Histological Changes in Cortical Bone 9. Differentially Expressed Morphological Character States: Nonmetric Variation, Sex Determination, Populations, and a Discussion of Biodistance Analysis Overview Considering the Bases of Nondental, Nonmetric Variation Dental Nonmetric Traits The Assessment of Skeletal Sexual Dimorphism Nonmetric Variation, Sexual Dimorphism, and Populations A Discussion of Metric Approaches to Biodistance Analysis 10. Pathology: Disease, Trauma, and Stress Overview Infectious Diseases of Bone Joint Diseases Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Tumors Bone Necrosis Fractures and Trauma Infectious and Degenerative Diseases of the Jaws and Teeth Appendix A: Osteometry Cranial and Mandibular Measurements Postcranial Measurements Postcranial Indices Appendix B: Comparative Osteology: Human, Deer, Bear, Pig Glossary References Index.