1. Overview of the Characteristics of Populism.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. The Organizational Structure of the Book.

- 1.3. The Historical Beginnings of Populism.- 1.4. The Meaning of the Term Populism.- 1.5.

Evolution of the Study of Populism.- 1.6. The Social Structure of the Populist Electorate.- 1.7. Populism and Elitism.- 1.

8. Populism and Pluralism.- 1.9. Populism and Clientelism.- References.- 2. Approaches to the Studying of Populism.

- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Comparative Analysis of Approaches to the Study of Populism.- 2.3.

The Discursive Approach.- 2.4. Organizational Approach.- 2.5. The Cultural (Performative) Approach.- 2.

6. The Ideational Approach.- 2.7. Comparison of Populism with Other Ideologies (Populism as a Meta Ideology).- 2.8. Final Observations on the Approaches to the Study of Populism.

- References.- 3. The Key Concepts of Populism.- 3.1. Sovereignty.- 3.2.

The People.- 3.3. The Elite.- 3.4. General Will.- 3.

5. Demagogy.- 3.6. The Reasons for theGrowth of Populism.- References.- 4. Modernization.

- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Agrarian Versus New Populism.- 4.3.

Emancipatory Movements, Modernization, and New Populism.- 4.4. Cultural Dualism and Populism.- 4.5. The Second (Reflective) Modernity and the New Populism.- 4.

6. Populist Identity in the Second Modernity.- References.- 5. Globalization.- 5.1. Introduction.

- 5.2. The Global Political Economy.- 5.2.1. Free Trade and Populism.- 5.

2.2. Economic Globalization and the Growth of Inequality.- 5.2.3. The Decline of the Welfare State.- 5.

2.4. Economic Uncertainty.- 5.2.5. Assessing the Significance of Economic Uncertainty for the Growth of Populism.- 5.

3. Globalization and the Erosion of Nation-States.- 5.3.1. Euroskepticizam.- 5.3.

2. Immigration and Cultural Anxiety.- 5.3.3. Nativism.- 5.3.

4. Cultural Backlash and Immigration.- References.- 6. The Crisis of Political Parties.- 6.1. Introduction.

- 6.2. The Decline in Turnout and Populism.- 6.3. The Crisis of Representativeness and Populism as an Alternative.- 6.4.

Changing Values.- 6.5. Distrust in the Political System.- 6.6. Non-functionality of Mainstream Parties.- 6.

7. Corruption.- 6.8. Globalization and Capacity Constraints of Mainstream Parties.- 6.9. Positioning in the Political Spectrum and Populism.

- References.- 7. Transformation of the Public Sphere.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2.

Medialization.- 7.3. Tabloids and Populism.- 7.4. The Media Promotion of Populism.- 7.

5. New Media and Populism.- References.- 8. Populism and Liberal Democracy.- 8.1. Introduction.

- 8.2. The populists in Power.- References.