1 Introduction and Overview 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to the cjeuand Its Unique Method of Interpretation for Interpreting Framework Treaties 3 The cjeuand the Use of Proportionality as a Useful Tool When Reviewing Expulsion Measures for an EU Citizen on Imperative Grounds of Public Security in Tsakouridis 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Article 45(2) teu, Article 27 Directive 2004/38 and Expulsion of an EU Citizen on Imperative Grounds of Public Security 3.3 The cjeu and the Use of Proportionality When Reviewing the Expulsion of an EU Citizen on Imperative Grounds of Public Security in Tsakouridis 4 Chapter Overview 5 Conclusion 2 Theoretical Perspectives - The Symbolic Importance of the EU''s Rule of Law 1 Introduction 2 The Rule of Law a Widely Acknowledged Legitimating Symbol of Importance 3 The EU''s Rule of Law as a Quintessential Treaty Value of Importance 4 The cjeuand Taking on the Role of Guardian of the EU''s Rule of Law Standards 5 Conclusion 3 A Clear and Present Danger? Time for a Structured Rule of Law Review by the cjeu in Respect of Preventative Expulsion or Entry of EU Citizens Deemed at Risk of Terrorism? 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Perspectives - A Preventative Approach to Combating Terrorism in EU Directive on Combatting Terrorism 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A New Preventative Approach to Terrorism in EU Directive on Combating Terrorism 2.3 Criticism in the Literature of the New Preventative Approach to Terrorism in the Directive on the Grounds It Challenges Legality and Hampers Effective Judicial Scrutiny 3 The cjeuand Refusal of Entry of a Suspected Terrorist Case C-300/11, zz 4 Time for Structured Rule of Law Review by the cjeuin Respect of Rreventative Expulsion of EU Citizens Deemed at Risk of Terrorism? 5 Conclusion 4 The cjeu and the Public Health Derogation in a Pandemic? - Time to Review the Operation of a Rarely Invoked Derogation? 1 Introduction 2 The Public Health Derogation Pre the Pandemic - A Rarely Invoked Derogation 3 Key Challenging Circumstances for the Member States in the Covid 19 Public Health Emergency 3.1 Introduction 3.

2 Key Challenges for the Member States in the Context of the Exercise of the Public Health Derogation in a Pandemic 3.2.1 National Emergency Restrictive Measures Which Are Brought in and Which May Breach Legality, a Key Tenet of the EU Rule of Law Standards 3.2.2. Differing Approaches to Interpretation of Scientific Evidence throughout the Covid 19 Pandemic 3.2.3 Diversity of Travel Restrictions 3.

2.4 Protection of Health Care Systems of the Member States 3.2.5 Inconsistency in the Application of Covid Restrictive Measures 4 Time for the cjeuto Review the Operation of a Rarely Invoked Derogation? 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The cjeu and Reviewing the Exercise of the Public Health Derogation in an Era of Covid 19 5 Conclusion 5 The cjeu and Anchoring a Meaningful Review of the Public Health Derogation in a Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Anchoring a Rule of Law Review of the Public Health Derogation 3 The cjeuand More Meaningful Engagement with a Structured Rule of Law Review 4 Conclusion Conclusion Appendix 1 Table of Treaties, Instruments and Legislation (in Date Order) Appendix 2 Table of Cases (in Alphabetical Order) Bibliography Index.