PREFACE xi PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 OVERVIEW 3 PART II GUIDE TO THE ASCE 7-10 STANDARD PROVISIONS ON WIND LOADS 7 2 ASCE 7-10 WIND LOADING PROVISIONS 9 2.1 Introduction / 9 2.2 ASCE 7-10 Standard: An Overview / 10 2.3 Organization of the Guide: Chapters 3 to 9 / 19 3 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: RISK CATEGORY, BASIC WIND SPEED, ENCLOSURE, EXPOSURE, TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR 21 3.1 Risk Category (ASCE Table 1.5-1) / 21 3.2 Basic Wind Speed V (ASCE Sect. 26.

5, ASCE Figs. 26.5.-1a, b, c) / 22 3.3 Enclosure Classification (ASCE Sects. 26.2 and 26.10) / 23 3.

4 Exposure Category (ASCE Sect. 26.7) / 24 3.5 Topographic Factor Kzt (ASCE Sect. 26.8, ASCE Fig. 26.8-1) / 27 4 REGULAR APPROACH: STEPS COMMON TO ALL BUILDINGS/OTHER STRUCTURES (MWFRS AND C&C) 31 4.

1 Introduction / 31 4.2 Regular Approach: Steps Common to All Buildings and Other Structures (MWFRS and C&C) / 32 5 REGULAR APPROACH: BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (''''DIRECTIONAL'''' PROCEDURE), MWFRS 37 5.1 Introduction / 37 5.2 Regular Approach: Enclosed or Partially Enclosed Buildings of All Heights, MWFRS / 37 5.3 Regular Approach: Roof Overhangs and Parapets, MWFRS / 53 5.4 Regular Approach: Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs, MWFRS / 55 6 REGULAR APPROACH: LOW-RISE BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (''''ENVELOPE'''' PROCEDURE), MWFRS 57 6.1 Net Pressures on Walls and Roof / 57 6.2 Comparison Between Results Based on ASCE Sects.

27.4.1 and 28.4.1 / 62 6.3 Regular Approach: Parapets and Roof Overhangs, MWFRS / 63 7 REGULAR APPROACH: STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BUILDINGS, MWFRS 65 7.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs / 65 7.2 Open Signs, Lattice Frameworks, Trussed Towers / 69 7.

3 Chimneys, Tanks, Rooftop Equipment, and Similar Structures / 74 7.4 Solid Attached Signs / 75 7.5 Rooftop Structures and Equipment on Buildings / 77 8 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: ENCLOSED SIMPLE DIAPHRAGM BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (MWFRS) 81 8.1 Simplified Approach: Class 1 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS / 81 8.2 Simplified Approach: Parapets, MWFRS / 85 8.3 Simplified Approach: Roof Overhangs, MWFRS / 85 8.4 Simplified Approach: Class 2 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS / 86 8.5 Simplified Approach: Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings, MWFRS / 90 9 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACHES: C&C 95 9.

1 Introduction / 95 9.2 Regular Approach / 95 9.3 Simplified Approaches / 105 PART III WIND ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS 107 10 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS 109 10.1 Atmospheric Hydrodynamics / 109 10.2 Windstorms / 113 11 THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER 117 11.1 Wind Speeds and Averaging Times / 118 11.2 Wind Speed Profiles / 121 11.3 Atmospheric Turbulence / 130 12 EXTREME WIND SPEEDS AND WIND-INDUCED EFFECTS 137 12.

1 Wind Speed Data / 138 12.2 Cumulative Distributions, Exceedance Probabilities, Mean Recurrence Intervals / 141 12.3 Parametric Estimates of N -Year Wind Speeds; Closed Form Estimators; Software / 143 12.4 Probabilistic Estimates of Wind Effects Based on Nondirectional and Directional Wind Speed Data / 149 12.5 Development of Directional Databases of Hurricane Wind Speeds / 153 12.6 Development of Directional Databases of Non-Hurricane Wind Speeds / 155 12.7 Non-Parametric Statistics, Application to One-Dimensional Time Series / 157 12.8 Error Estimates / 159 13 BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS BASICS; AERODYNAMIC TESTING 163 13.

1 Introduction / 163 13.2 Bluff Body Aerodynamics / 163 13.3 Aerodynamic Testing / 173 13.4 Low-Frequency Turbulence and Aerodynamic Pressures on Residential Homes / 183 14 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 185 14.1 Introduction / 185 14.2 The Single-Degree-of Freedom Linear System / 186 14.3 Continuously Distributed Linear Systems / 190 14.4 Time Domain Solutions for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Response / 199 15 AEROELASTICITY 203 15.

1 Introduction / 203 15.2 Vortex-Induced Oscillations / 205 15.3 Galloping / 206 15.4 Flutter / 210 16 STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY UNDER WIND LOADING 217 16.1 Introduction / 217 16.2 First-Order Second-Moment Approach, Load and Resistance Factors / 220 16.3 Dependence of Wind Effects on Wind Directionality / 225 16.4 Structural Strength Reserve / 226 16.

5 Design Criteria for Multi-Hazard Regions / 228 16.6 Individual Uncertainties and Overall Uncertainty in the Estimation of Wind Effects / 229 16.7 Calibration of Design MRIs in the Presence of Dynamic Effects or of Large Knowledge Uncertainties / 232 17 LOSS ESTIMATION 237 17.1 Introduction / 237 17.2 Elements of Damage Estimation Procedures / 238 17.3 Loss Estimation / 245 PART IV WIND EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS 247 18 RIGID BUILDINGS 249 18.1 Introduction / 249 18.2 Database-Assisted Design (DAD) / 252 18.

3 Wind Directionality Effects / 258 18.4 Uncertainties in the Estimation of Wind Effects / 259 19 TALL BUILDINGS 261 19.1 Introduction / 261 19.2 High-Frequency Force Balance Approach (HFFB) / 263 19.3 Aeroelastic Effects. Testing Based on Strain Measurements / 265 19.4 Database-Assisted Design / 269 19.5 Serviceability Requirements / 278 19.

6 Preliminary Estimates of Flexible Building Response / 279 PART V APPENDICES 287 APPENDIXA1 RANDOM PROCESSES 289 A1.1 Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals / 290 A1.2 Parseval''s Equality / 291 A1.3 Spectral Density Function of a Random Stationary Signal / 292 A1.4 Autocorrelation Function of a Random Stationary Signal / 293 A1.5 Cross-Covariance Function, Co-Spectrum, Quadrature Spectrum, Coherence / 295 A1.6 Mean Upcrossing and Outcrossing Rate for a Gaussian Process / 296 A1.7 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Normally Distributed Random Signal / 297 A1.

8 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Non-Gaussian Random Signal / 298 APPENDIXA2 MEAN WIND PROFILES AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER DEPTH 301 A2.1 Equations of Balance of Momenta within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer / 301 A2.2 The Turbulent Ekman Layer / 302 APPENDIXA3 SPECTRA OF TURBULENT VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS, KOLMOGOROV HYPOTHESES 307 APPENDIXA4 WIND DIRECTIONALITY EFFECTS, OUTCROSSING AND SECTOR-BY-SECTOR APPROACHES 311 A4.1 Approach Based on the Outcrossing of the Limit-State Boundary / 311 A4.2 The Sector-By-Sector Approach [18-10] / 313 APPENDIXA5 REPORT ON ESTIMATION OF WIND EFFECTS ON THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS 315 REFERENCES 323 INDEX 333.