Preface About the Authors 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF HEALTH Introduction and Overview Encountering Health Anthropology Three Case Studies in Applied Health Anthropology Coping with Cystic Fibrosis The Bone Crusher Pesticide Poisoning Practical and Theoretical Contributions of Health Anthropology Clarifying the Culture of Health and Illness Health Inequality Defining Health Anthropology Culture and Biology History of Health Anthropology The Straits Expedition W. H. R. Rivers and Beyond Rudolf Virchow Erwin Ackerknecht and William Caudill The Postwar Period Health Anthropology and National Development The Discipline Is Born The Relationship of Health Anthropology to Anthropology and to Other Health-Related Disciplines Health Research and the Subfields of Anthropology Health Anthropology and Epidemiology Illness and Help-Seeking Behavior Health Anthropology and Public Health Health Anthropology and Bioethics Health Anthropology Theories Medical Ecology Meaning-Centered Health Anthropology Critical Health Anthropology 2 WHAT HEALTH ANTHROPOLOGISTS DO Introduction and Overview Three Settings, Three Case Studies, Three Health Anthropologists Life and Death in Tanala Studying Surgeons Folk Illness in Haiti A Case Study Having Impact What Health Anthropologists Study A Diverse Discipline Studying the Life Course Conducting Research: A Peculiarly Anthropological Approach Holistic, Field-Based Understanding Ethnography Complex Sociocultural Tapestries Research Methods Multimethod Research Examining Lives Focus Group Interviews Considering Consensus Doing Diaries Quantitative Methods Broader Collaboration Health Anthropology in Use Mobilizing Research Findings The Health Anthropology Crystal Ball 3 UNDERSTANDING HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND DISEASE Introduction and Overview Conceptions of Health and Illness Defining Terms Differentiating Disease and Illness Reconceptualizing Disease and Illness Understanding Cure Folk Understandings Understandings of Disease Causation Humanizing Biomedicine Sufferer Experience Experience and Cultural Symbols Cultural Emotions Social Suffering Beyond Social Suffering Disability and Chronic Illness The Patient in the Body The Cultural Construction of Disability Stigmatization Human Rights and Health Illness Narratives The Social Uses of Narration Analyzing Narrative Embodied Health Experience Why Bodies? Body Theory Bodies in the Age of Immunology Cyborg Bodies Mindful Bodies Engendered Bodies Understanding Medicalization Healer versus Sufferer Conception of Disease The Two Sides of Compliance Insider and Outsider Assessments of Health Status One Word, Two Meanings Diseased but Not Ill Mismessaging Analyzing Health Discourse 4 HEALTH DISPARITY, HEALTH INEQUALITY Introduction and Overview What Is Health Disparity? Health Disparity in the United States Gasping for Breath Causes of Health Disparity: Lifestyle versus Social Inequality Living Right Structural Explanation Biology of Poverty Insuring Disease Culturally Competent Care Health and Social Disparities Cross-Culturally Child and Maternal Health Disparities Addressing Health Disparities Addressing Health Disparities in the Community Upstream Analyses of Health Disparities Gender and Global Health Focusing on Disparity in Diseases Multidisciplinary Approaches Studying Local Mediation of Global Health Pushing Back on Health Disparities "Race" and Health Disparity Race and Racism 5 HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT: TOWARD A HEALTHIER WORLD Introduction and Overview Medical Ecology and Critical Health Anthropology on the Environment Health and the Environment in the Past Health and the Environment Today Depletion of Natural Resources and Environmental Degradation Capitalism and Climate Change Infectious Diseases in a Globalizing World The Impact of Climate Change on Health Other Environmental Impacts on Health Water and Globalization The Political Ecology of Cancer Cancer in the Community Cancer and Industry China''s Cancer Villages Anthropological Examinations of Cancer Treatment Nuclear Reactors and Health Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction and Health The Impact of Private Motor Vehicles on Health The Political Ecology of AIDS: Assessing a Contemporary Syndemic 6 ETHNOMEDICINE: THE WORLDS OF TREATMENT AND HEALING Introduction and Overview Approaching Ethnomedicine Indigenous and Folk Medicine Systems Ways of Healing Typologies of Healing Systems An Evolutionary Model of Disease Theories and Healing Systems Health, Illness, and Medicine in Family-Level Foraging Societies Health, Illness, and Medicine in Village-Level Societies Health, Illness, and Medicine in Pastoralist Societies Health, Illness, and Medicine in Chiefdom Societies Folk Healers in Modern Societies Case Study: Are the Therapeutic Aspects of Religion Something That Partially Address Refugee Health Problems? Biomedicine as the Predominant Ethnomedicine in Modern Societies Hospitals Health Anthropology and the Pharmaceutical Industry 7 PLURAL MEDICAL SYSTEMS: COMPLEXITY, COMPLEMENTARITY, AND CONFLICT Introduction and Overview A Case Study of Medical Pluralism in a Rural Area in a Developing Society: The Altiplano of Bolivia183 Themes Medical Subsystems Status of Health Care in Bolivia in the Pre-Revolutionary Era Social and Health Conditions in Bolivia after the Election of Indigenous President Evo Morales A Case Study of Medical Pluralism in an Urban Setting of a Developing Society: A View from Central Java Medical Subsystems A Case Study of Medical Pluralism in a Developed Society: The Australian Dominative Medical System Medical Subsystems Typologies of Plural Medical Systems Healing and History Patients of CAM CAM and Class New Directions in the Study of Medical Pluralism Medical Syncretism Medical Diversity Medicoscapes The Globalization of Traditional Medicine and CAM 8 THE BIOPOLITICS OF LIFE: BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOCAPITAL, AND BIOETHICS Introduction and Overview Critical Health Anthropology and Biotechnology Science, Nature, and Culture Biocapital: Bodies of Profit Reproductive Technologies Divisible Bodies Bringing the Lab into the Field: Anthropology and the Neurosciences Molecular Biotechnologies: Tiny Pieces, Giant Infrastructures The Story of hGH--Growing up Growth Hormone The Culture of PCR Visualization Technologies When Technologies Combine Ancestry, Families, and Genetics: Biotechnology and Belonging 9 STRATEGIES AND VISIONS FOR A HEALTHIER WORLD Introduction and Overview Global Capitalism Democratic Eco-Socialism as a Pathway for a Healthier World Health Anthropology as an Action-Oriented Endeavor Source Material for Students Glossary References Index.