1. Carbohydrates · Stereoisomerism in Carbohydrates · Monosaccharides · Mutarotation · Epimers · Reactions of Monosaccharides · Synthesis and Degradation of Monosaccharides · Glucose · Fischer''s Proof of the Configuration of D-(+)-Glucose · Fructose · Disaccharides 2. Nucleic Acids · Structure Determination of Nucleic Acids · Synthesis of Adenine · Guanine · Properties of Purine and Its Derivatives · Pyrimidine Bases · Properties of Pyrimidine and Its Derivatives · Nucleosides · Nucleotides · Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) · Polynucleotides or Nucleic Acid · Structure of DNA · Postulates of Watson and Crick Model of DNA · Base Pairing in DNA · Different Conformations of DNA · Replication · Structure of RNA · Transcription · Translation 3. Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins · Amino Acids · Types of Amino Acids · Classification of Amino Acids · Structure of Amino Acids · Optical Activity of Amino Acids · Synthesis of Amino Acids · Daraspsky Synthesis · Physical Properties of Amino Acids · Electrophoresis · Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Electrophoresis · Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography · Isoelectric Point · Chemical Properties of Amino Acids · Peptides · N-terminal Residue and C-terminal Residue · Naming of Peptide · Structure Determination of Peptide or Proteins · Complete Hydrolysis of Protein or Peptide · End Group of Analysis of Peptide or Protein · N-terminal Analysis · C-terminal Analysis · Partial Hydrolysis of Peptide · Other Methods for Selective Cleavage · Synthesis of Peptide · C-protecting Groups · Protection of Side Chain · Activation of Carboxylic Group · Activated Ester Method · Azide Method · Anhydride Methods · DCC Method · Merrifield Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis · Proteins · Average Molecular Weight of Protein · Classification of Proteins · Denaturation of Proteins · Structure of Proteins · Test of Proteins 4. Enzymes and Correlation with Drug Action · Definition · Chemical Nature · Properties of The Enzymes · Classification of The Enzymes · Mode of Enzyme Action · Michaelis-Menton · Chymotrypsin Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Peptide Bond · Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity · Enzymes Specificity · Inhibition of Enzymes · Coenzyme and Cofactor · Drug-Receptor Interactions · Interactions (Forces) Involved in The Drug-Receptor (DR) Complex · The Theories for Drug-Receptor (DR) Interactions · The Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) 5. Lipids · Classification of Lipids · Fatty Acids · Nomenclature of Fatty Acids · Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids · Essential Fatty Acids · Physical Properties of Fatty Acids · Triacylglycerols · Chemical Reactions pf Triacylglycerols · Hydrogenation · Rancidification · Oxidation · Reichert-Meissl Number · Waxes · Hospholipids · Sphingoglycolipids · Cholesterol · Cell Membrane (Lipid Bilayer) · Steroid Hormones · Lipoprotein · Liposomes 6. Oxidation of Foodstuff (Organic Molecules) as a source of Energy for Cell · Metabolism · ATP: Universal Currency of Cellular Energy · ATP Hydrolysis and Free Energy · Conversion of Food Into Energy · Metabolic Pathway of Carbohydrates · Glycolysis · Fermentation · Krebs Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) · Interrelationship Between Various Metabolic · Pathways of Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates · Calorific Value of The Food Index.