EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONAUTHOR BIOGRAPHYABSTRACTKEYWORDSA. INTRODUCTIONB. CHINESE TERMINOLOGY FOR NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS (NPOs)C. THE MILLENNIA-LONG HISTORY OF NONPROFIT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE LARGER WORLD AND IN CHINAD. NONPROFIT SECTOR EXPANSION IN CHINA SINCE 1978E. THE CHINESE NONPROFIT SECTOR AND POSSIBLE CIVIL SOCIETY(1) The Issue of NPO/NPS Autonomy from Government(2) Unofficial (and Illegal) NPOs:'Authentic' NPOs in China Subject to Little Government Influence?(3) Moderate Freedom in Internal NPO Governance, but Also Problems of Efficiency-Effectiveness(4) The Role of INGOs and Other Foreign NPOs in the Chinese Nonprofit SectorF. THE GLOBAL CONTEXT AND GROWTH OF RESEARCH ON NPOs AND THE INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF VOLUNTARISTICSG. GOVERNMENT AMBIVALENCE AND THE ILLEGALITY OF CHINESE USOsH.

ADVOCACY AND RESISTANCE BY CHINESE NPOS: LOCAL, CAUTIOUS ACTIVISM, CAREFULLY DONEI. FORMAL AND INFORMAL VOLUNTEERING IN CHINAJ. RECENT AND PLANNED CHANGES IN THE CHINESE NPS AND GOVERNMENT SINCE 2011(1) Four Types of NPO Are Allowed to Register Directly and Locally Now(2) The Government-Trade/Business Association Separation and Reform(3) Government Outsourcing of Services through Contracts with NPOs(4) Building Party Units Inside the NPS and NPOs(5) The Beian (Documentation) System for Unregistered Social Organizations/USOs(6) Civic Participation in the National Charity Law Drafting Process(7) The Internationalization of Chinese Charity and Philanthropy K. DISCUSSIONL. CONCLUSION M. BIBLIOGRAPHY.