List of Figures.List of Maps.Notes on Contributors.Acknowledgments.Introduction.Part I: The Shape of the Ancient Near East.1. Historical Overview: Mario Liverani (University of Rome).
2. From Sedentism to States, 10,000 to 3000 BCE: Augusta McMahon (University of Cambridge).3. The Age of Empires, 3100900 BCE: Mark Chavalas (University of Wisconsin, LaCrosse).4 World Hegemony, 900300 BCE: Paul-Alain Beaulieu (Harvard University).Part II: Discourses on Methods.5. Archaeology and the Ancient Near East: Marie-Henriette Gates (Bilkent University, Ankara).
6. The Languages of the Ancient Near East: Gonzalo Rubio (Pennsylvania State University).7. The Historian's Task: Daniel C. Snell (University of Oklahoma).Part III: Economy and Society.8. The Degradation of the Ancient Near Eastern Environment: Carlos E.
Cordova (Oklahoma State University, Stillwater).9. Nomadism Through the Ages: Jorge Silva Castillo (Centro de Estudias de Asia y Africa in the Colegio de Mexico).10. Mesopotamian Cities and Countryside: Elizabeth C. Stone (State University of New York, Stoney Brook).11. Money and Trade: Christopher M.
Monroe (Pierpont Morgan Library, New York).12. Working: David A. Warburton (Aarhus University, Denmark).13. Law and Practice: Bruce Wells (Gustavus Adolphus College, Minnesota).14. Social Tensions in the Ancient Near East: John F.
Robertson (Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant).15. Gender Roles in Ancient Egypt: Ann Macy Roth (Howard University, Washington, DC).16. Royal Women and the Exercise of Power in the Ancient Near East: Sarah C. Melville (Clarkson University).17. Warfare in Ancient Egypt: Anthony J.
Spalinger (University of Auckland).Part IV: Culture.18. The Transmission of Knowledge: Benjamin R. Foster (Yale Babylonian Collection).19. Literature: Tawny L. Holm (Indiana University of Pennsylvania).
20. Ancient Near Eastern Architecture: Sally Dunham (Yale University).21. Mesopotamian Art: Marian Feldman (University of California, Berkeley).22. Ancient Mesopotamian Medicine: JoAnn Scurlock (Elmhurst College).23. Mesopotamian Cosmology: Francesca Rochberg (University of California, Riverside).
24. Divine and Non-Divine Kingship: Philip Jones (Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary project).25. How Religion Was Done: Gary Beckman (University of Michigan).Part V: Heritage of the Ancient Near East.26. The Invention of the Individual: Daniel C. Snell (University of Oklahoma).
27. Ethnicity: Henri Limet (University of Liege, Belgium).28. Public versus Private in the Ancient Near East: Steven J. Garfinkle (Western Washington University).29. Democracy and Freedom: Matthew Martin III and Daniel C. Snell (University of Tulsa, Oklahoma and University of Oklahoma).
30. Monotheism and Ancient Israelite Religion: S. David Sperling (Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, New York).31. The Decipherment of the Ancient Near East: Peter T. Daniels (independent scholar, New York).32. Legacies of the Ancient Near East: Daniel C.
Snell (University of Oklahoma).References.Index.