ContentsIntroduction to the Research handbook on European anti-discrimination law xivJulie Ringelheim and Iyiola SolankePART I SOURCES AND LEGAL CONTEXTS1 Sources of anti-discrimination law 3Marie Spinoy and Jogchum Vrielink2 Approaches to non-discrimination: Comparing the European Court ofHuman Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union 29Janneke Gerards3 The European Social Charter and EU anti-discrimination law 47Karin Lukas4 The EU Charter and anti-discrimination law 67Bruno De Witte5 Free movement, prohibition of nationality discrimination and EU anti-discrimination law 85Sophie Robin-Olivier6 Migration, asylum and EU anti-discrimination law 101Janine SilgaPART II BASIC CONCEPTS7 The concept of direct discrimination in European anti-discrimination law:Theory, practice and limits 129Raphaële Xenidis8 Indirect discrimination 155Mark Bell9 Harassment 175Karon Monaghan10 Positive action 195Kimberly A. Liu11 Reasonable accommodation law in Europe: Where now and where next? 217Anna Lawson12 Intersectional discrimination as an epistemic injustice 237Iyiola SolankePART III SUSPECT GROUNDS13 Sex 261Barbara Havelková14 Race and ethnicity 281Cengiz Barskanmaz15 Religion and belief 301Lucy Vickers16 Sexual orientation 319Emmanuelle Bribosia, Isabelle Rorive and Robin Médard Inghilterra17 Emerging trends in disability anti-discrimination law in Europe 343Andrea Broderick and Lisa Waddington18 The ambivalent treatment of age discrimination: A sign of balance orresistance? 363Marie Mercat-Bruns19 'Gender identity' in European anti-discrimination law: A need to gobeyond a binary construction of sex/gender 387Pieter Cannoot and Sarah GantyPART IV INSTITUTIONS AND REMEDIES20 Equality bodies in the EU: Origins, challenges and future prospects 409Sara Benedi Lahuerta21 Civil enforcement of anti-discrimination legislation: Some perspectives onlocus standi, evidence and remedies 429Sébastien De Rey and Petra FoubertPART V CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES AND EMERGING DEVELOPMENTS22 Anti-discrimination law and economic inequalities 447Julie Ringelheim and Sarah Ganty23 Environmental discrimination: Concepts and case law 475Axel Gosseries and Refia Kaya24 The puzzle of algorithmic discrimination in European equality law:Putting together some practical, legal and conceptual pieces 497Birte Böök and Linda Senden25 Criminal law and discrimination in Europe: Towards critical race theoryapproaches? 525Eddie Bruce-JonesIndex.