This new edition of Portuguese: An Essential Grammar is a practical reference guide to the most important aspects of modern European Portuguese. Combining traditional and function-based grammar the book sets out the complexities of Portuguese in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear, free from jargon and substantiated with examples. Throughout, the emphasis is on Portuguese as used by native speakers. This third edition: reflects the new orthographic agreement; includes an expanded section on verbs and pronouns, as well as a new section on the elements of syntax; features coverage of European Portuguese language structures with authentic examples to illustrate grammar in context; focuses on European Portuguese with notes on the main distinctions between other variants, such as Brazilian Portuguese, interspersed throughout; contains cross-references to Basic Portuguese: A Grammar and Workbook for exercises to reinforce learning includes detailed contents list and index for easy access to information; The Grammar is the ideal reference source for the learner and user of Portuguese. It is suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.