1. The X Chromosome Historical Notes Anatomy of the X Chromosome Regional Mapping of X-Linked Genes Inactivation Evolutionary Conservation The Other Sex Chromosome X-Linked Genes and Intelligence 2. Emergence of the Concept of X-Linked Mental Retardation Excess of Males with Mental Retardation X-Linked Mental Retardation Era I: 1868-1942 Era II: 1943-1968 Era III: 1969-1976 Era IV: 1977-1987 Era V: 1988 - Present Prevalence of X-linked Mental Retardation 3. Nonsyndromic XLMR Localization of Genes for Nonsyndromic XLMR Genes that Cause Nonsyndromic XLMR Counseling 4. Syndromic XLMR XLMR Syndromes with Malformations or Distinctive Craniofacial Findings Malformations and XLMR XLMR Syndromes with Neuromuscular Manifestations XLMR with Metabolic Derangements XLMR with Behavioral Disturbances XLMR Syndromes with Expression Predominantly in Females Private Syndromes 5. Atlas of XLMR Syndromes Aarskog Syndrome Adrenoleukodystrophy Aicardi Syndrome Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome Apak Ataxia-Spastic Diplegia Syndrome Arena Syndrome Armfield Syndrome Arts Syndrome Atkin-Flaitz Syndrome Bergia Cardiomyopathy Bertini Syndrome Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome Brooks Syndrome Cantu Syndrome Carpenter-Waziri Syndrome Cerebrooculogenital Syndrome Cerebropalatocardiac Syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy, CowchockVariant Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy, Ionasescu Variant Christian Syndrome Christianson Syndrome Chudley-Lowry Syndrome Clark-Baraitser Syndrome Coffin-Lowry Syndrome Cranioorodigital Syndrome Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Dyskeratosis Congenita Fitzsimmons Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome Glycerol Kinase Deficiency Gm3 Gangliosidosis Golabi-Ito-Hall Syndrome Goldblatt Spastic Paraplegia Syndrome Goltz Syndrome Graham Anophthalmia Syndrome Gustavson Syndrome Holmes-Gang Syndrome Hyde-Forster Syndrome Hydrocephaly-Cerebellar Agenesis Syndrome Incontinentia Pigmenti Jensen Syndrome Juberg-Marsidi Syndrome Kang Syndrome Lenz microphthalmia Syndrome Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Lowe Syndrome Lujan Syndrome MEHMO Syndrome Menkes Syndrome MIDAS Syndrome Miles-Carpenter Syndrome Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome Monoamine Oxidase - A Deficiency Mucopolysaccharidosis IIA Myotubular Myopathy Nance-Horan Syndrome Norrie Disease Opitz FG Syndrome Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome I Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency Otopalatodigital I Syndrome Paine Syndrome Pallister W Syndrome Partington Syndrome Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Syndrome Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia Pettigrew Syndrome Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency Plott Syndrome Porteous Syndrome PPM -X Syndrome Prieto Syndrome Proud Syndrome Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Renpenning Syndrome Rett Syndrome Say-Meyer Syndrome Schimke Syndrome Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Smith-Fineman-Myers Syndrome Snyder-Robinson Syndrome Stocco dos Santos Syndrome Stoll Syndrome Sutherland-Haan Syndrome Telecanthus-Hypospadias Syndrome Urban Syndrome VACTERL-Hydrocephalus Syndrome Vasquez Syndrome Waisman-Laxova Syndrome Warkany Syndrome Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome Wilson-Turner Syndrome Wittwer Syndrome X-Linked Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum X-Linked Ataxia-Deafness-Dementia X-Linked Ataxia-Dementia X-Linked Branchial Arch Syndrome X-Linked Hereditary Bullous Dystrophy X-Linked Hydrocephaly-MASA Spectrum X-Linked Lissencephaly X-Linked Optic-Atrophy X-Linked Spastic Paraplegia, Type 7 XLMR-Arch Fingerprints-Hypotonia Syndrome XLMR-Ataxia-Apraxia XLMR-Blindness.