"This study analyzes pribumi (indigenous Indonesian) perception of the Chinese minority and asks how these perceptions, modified by economic and political constraints, manifest themselves in government policies towards this ""trading minority"" and towards China. It covers the period from 1949, when Indonesia became a sovereign state, to 1975, when the New Order Government abolished Special National Schools for the Chinese. This new edition has been updated by the addition of a new postscript by the author.".