List of Illustrations Preface 1 PLANT DISEASE IN JAMAICA References Part 1: TREE, FIELD AND PLANTATION CROPS 2 BANANA AND PLANTAIN Origin and Description Bananas and Plantains in Jamaica Panama Disease (Fusarium Wilt of Bananas) History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Yellow Sigatoka Disease (Leaf Spot Disease of Bananas) History Symptoms Historical Studies on Disease Development and Disease Assessment The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Black Sigatoka Disease (Leaf Spot Disease of Bananas) History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Moko Disease (Bacterial Wilt of Bananas and Plantains) History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Blackhead Toppling Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Bacterial Rhizome Rot of Bananas History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Postharvest Diseases of Bananas History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management References 3 CITRUS Origin and Description Citrus in Jamaica Tristeza History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing) History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Foot and Root Rot History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Citrus Knot History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Other Fungal Diseases of Citrus Scab Melanose Anthracnose and Wither Tip Greasy Spot Stem-End Rot Thread Blight Citrus Viroid Diseases Citrus Nematode Diseases History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management References 4 COCOA Origin and Description Cocoa in Jamaica Black Pod Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management References 5 COCONUT Origin and Description Coconuts in Jamaica Lethal Yellowing Disease History Symptoms Historical Studies of the Pathogen Historical Studies of Disease Spread The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management 175Bud Rot Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Leaf Spot Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Premature Nutfall References 6 COFFEE Origin and Description Coffee in Jamaica Coffee Leaf Rust History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Other Diseases of Coffee American Leaf Disease 215Anthracnose Leaf Spot Disease Root Diseases References 7 PAPAYA Origin and Description Papaya in Jamaica Papaya Ringspot Virus Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Bunchy Top Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Root Diseases History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Postharvest Diseases History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management References 8 SUGAR CANE Origin and Description Sugar Cane in Jamaica Smut and Rust Diseases History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Sugar Cane Mosaic Virus Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Ratoon Stunting Disease History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Red Rot Disease 274History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Management Root Diseases History Symptoms The Pathogen and Disease Development Recent Approaches to Disease Managemen References 9 MISCELLANEOUS TREE AND FIELD CROPS Tree Crops Avocado Phytophthora Root Rot Breadfruit Slow Decline of Breadfruit Mango Anthracnose Powdery Mildew Pimento Pimento Leaf Rust Cereal Crops Corn Corn Stunt Disease Nematode Diseases Rice Sorghum Tobacco Fibre Crops Forage Crops References Part 2: SHRUBS AND HERBACEOUS CROPS 10 FRUITS, VEGETABLES, HERBS AND SPICES Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs and Spices in Jamaica Diseases of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs and Spices Fungal and Related Diseases Bacterial and Related Diseases Viral and Related Diseases Nematode Diseases References 11 LEGUMES Legumes in Jamaica Diseases of Legumes Fungal and Related Diseases Bacterial and Related Diseases Viral and Related Diseases Nematode Diseases References 12 ORNAMENTALS Ornamental Plants in Jamaica Diseases of Ornamental Plants Fungal and Related Diseases Bacterial and Related Diseases Viral and Related Diseases Nematode Diseases References 13 ROOT AND TUBER CROPS Root and Tuber Crops in Jamaica The Aroids Cassava Irish Potato Sweet Potato Yam Diseases of Root and Tuber Crops Fungal and Related Diseases Bacterial and Related Diseases Viral and Related Diseases Nematode Diseases References Part 3: LEGAL FRAMEWORK 14 REGULATORY ASPECTS OF PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN JAMAICA Introduction Plant Quarantine and Plant Inspection Pesticide Control References APPENDICES 1 VIRUSES AND VIROIDS ASSOCIATED WITH PLANTS IN JAMAICA 2 PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH PLANTS IN JAMAICA 3 PESTICIDES USED IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROL 4 PLANT DISEASES AND PATHOGENS OF QUARANTINE IMPORTANCE INJAMAICA 5 USES AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SOME JAMAICAN TREES 6 CULTIVARS AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF SOME HERBACEOUS CROPSDISTRIBUTED IN JAMAICA 7 MAP OF JAMAICA SHOWING PARISHES AND PLACES MENTIONED IN THETEXT Glossary General Index Index of Animals Index of Diseases on Cultivated Plants Index of Microbes Index of Pesticides Index of Plants: Botanical Names Index of Plants: Common Names.