Fundamentals of Computers
Fundamentals of Computers
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Author(s): Thareja, Reema
ISBN No.: 9780199499274
Pages: 296
Year: 201910
Format: Trade Paper
Price: $ 21.00
Dispatch delay: Dispatched between 7 to 15 days
Status: Available

Chap 1: Introduction to Computers1.1 Computer1.2 Characteristics of Computers1.3 Stored Program Concept1.3.1 Types of Stored Program Computers1.4 History of ComputersTimeline of Developments1.5 Classification of Computers1.


5.1 Supercomputers1.5.2 Mainframe Computers1.5.3 Minicomputers1.5.4 Microcomputers1.


6 Applications of ComputersBioinformatics, GIS, Remote Sensing, Meteorology, Publishing, Data analysis, Accounting, Airline and Railway reservation1.7 Basic Organization of a ComputerLab Activity: Understanding Computer HardwareActivity 1: Parts of a ComputerActivity 2: MotherboardChap 2: Input and Output Devices2.1 Input Devices2.1.1 KeyboardWireless keyboard2.1.2 Pointing Devices2.1.


3 Handheld Devices2.1.4 Optical Devices2.1.5 Audio-visual Input Devices2.1.6 Card Readers2.1.


7 Digitizers2.2 Output Devices2.3 Soft Copy Devices2.3.1 MonitorsLED monitor2.3.2 Projectors2.3.


3 Speakers and Headphones2.4 Hard Copy Devices2.4.1 Printers2.4.2 Plotters2.5 Voice Response Systems2.6 Biometric DevicesLab Activity: Handling Input and Output DevicesActivity 1: Adding a Printer to a ComputerActivity 2: Customizing Mouse Properties in Windows 7Chap 3: Computer Memory and Processors3.


1 Introduction3.2 Memory Organization3.3 Memory Hierarchy3.4 Sequential and Random Access3.5 Processor Registers3.6 Cache Memory3.7 Primary Memory3.7.


1 Random Access Memory (RAM)3.7.2 Read Only Memory (ROM)3.7.3 Finding Required Data from Main Memory3.8 Secondary Storage Devices3.8.1 Offline Storage3.


9 Magnetic Tapes3.10 Floppy Disks3.11 Hard Disks3.12 External Hard Disks3.13 Optical Disks3.13.1 CD-ROM3.13.


2 DVD-ROM3.13.3 CD-R3.13.4 CD-RW3.13.5 Blu-ray Disks3.14 USB Flash Drives3.


15 Memory Cards3.16 Mass Storage Devices3.16.1 Disk Array3.16.2 Automated Tape Library3.16.3 CD-ROM Jukebox3.


17 Basic Processor Architecture3.17.1 Execution Unit3.17.2 Registers3.17.3 Bus Interface Unit3.17.


4 Instruction Set3.17.5 System Clock3.17.6 Processor Speed3.17.7 Processor to Memory Communication3.17.


8 Processor to I/O devices Communication3.18 Pipelining and Parallel Processing3.19 Types of Processors3.19.1 Complex Instruction Set Computer3.19.2 Reduced Instruction Set Computer3.19.


3 Multi-core ProcessorsLab Activity: Handling Memory Storage DevicesActivity 1: Downloading files from a USB Flash DriveActivity 2: Defragmenting a Local DriveChap 4: Number Systems and Computer Codes4.1 Introduction to Number SystemsRepresentation of Numbers in Radix rPositional and Non-positional Number Systems4.2 Binary Number System4.3 Working with Binary Numbers4.3.1 Converting a Binary Number into DecimalForm4.3.2 Converting a Decimal Number into BinaryForm4.


3.3 Adding Two Binary Numbers4.3.4 Subtracting Two Binary Numbers4.3.5 Subtracting Two Binary Numbers UsingTwo''s Complement4.3.6 Multiplying Two Binary Numbers4.


3.7 Dividing Two Binary Numbers4.4 Octal Number System4.4.1 Converting an Octal Number into DecimalForm4.4.2 Converting a Decimal Number into Octal Form4.4.


3 Converting an Octal Number into Binary Form4.4.4 Converting a Binary Number into Octal Form4.4.5 Adding Two Octal Numbers4.4.6 Subtracting Two Octal Numbers4.5 Hexadecimal Number System4.


5.1 Converting a Hexadecimal Number intoDecimal Form4.5.2 Converting a Decimal Number intoHexadecimal Form4.5.3 Converting a Hexadecimal Number intoBinary Form4.5.4 Converting a Binary Number intoHexadecimal Form4.


5.5 Converting a Hexadecimal Number intoOctal Form4.5.6 Converting an Octal Number intoHexadecimal Form4.5.7 Adding Two Hexadecimal Numbers4.5.8 Subtracting Two Hexadecimal Numbers4.


6 Working with Fractions4.7 Signed Number Representation in Binary Form4.7.1 Sign-and-magnitude4.7.2 One''s Complement4.7.3 Two''s Complement4.


8 BCD Code4.9 Other Codes4.9.1 ASCII Code4.9.2 Extended Binary Coded Decimal InterchangeCode4.9.3 Excess-3 Code4.


9.4 Other Weighted Codes8421 and 2421 Codes4.9.5 Gray Code4.9.6 UnicodeChap 5: Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits5.1 Boolean AlgebraPrecedence Rules of Boolean Operators5.2 Truth Tables5.


3 Basic Laws of Boolean AlgebraPrinciple of Duality5.3.1 Identity Law5.3.2 Idempotency Law5.3.3 Complement Law5.3.


4 Involution Law5.3.5 Commutative Law5.3.6 Associative Law5.3.7 Distributive Law5.3.


8 Absorption Law5.3.9 Consensus Law5.3.10 De Morgan''s Laws5.4 Venn Diagrams5.5 Representations of Boolean Functions5.5.


1 Minterm5.5.2 Maxterm5.6 Logic Gates5.7 Logic Diagrams and Boolean Expressions5.8 Universal Gates5.8.1 NAND Universal Gate5.


8.2 NOR Universal Gate5.9 Simplification of Boolean Expressions UsingKarnaugh MapCap 6: Computer Software6.1 Introduction to Computer Software6.2 Classification of Computer Software6.3 System Software6.3.1 Computer BIOS and Device Drivers6.


3.2 Operating System6.3.3 Utility Software6.3.4 Translators6.4 Application Software6.4.


1 Productivity Software6.4.2 Graphics Software6.4.3 Multimedia Software6.4.4 Database Management Software6.5 Firmware6.


6 Middleware6.7 Procuring Computer SoftwareLab ActivityChap 7: Problem Solving Using Computers7.1 Introduction7.2 Program Development Life Cycle [SDLC cycle]7.3 Program Design Tools: Algorithms, Flowcharts, Pseudocodes7.3.1 Algorithms7.3.


2 Flowcharts7.3.3 Pseudocodes7.4 Programming Languages7.5 Generations of Programming Languages7.5.1 First Generation: Machine Language7.5.


2 Second Generation: Assembly Language7.5.3 Third Generation: High-level Language7.5.4 Fourth Generation: Very High-levelLanguages7.5.5 Fifth-generation Programming Language7.6 Categorization of High-level Languages7.


6.1 Unstructured Programming7.6.2 Structured Programming Language7.6.3 Logic-oriented Programming Language7.6.4 Object-oriented Programming7.


7 Some Popular High-level Languages7.7.1 BASIC7.7.2 FORTRAN7.7.3 Pascal7.7.


4 C7.7.5 C++7.7.6 Java7.7.7 LISP7.7.


8 C#7.7.9 Python7.7.10 Mark-up7.7.11 Scripting7.7.


12 Publishing7.8 Factors Affecting Selection of ProgrammingLanguageLab ActivityChap 8: Operating Systems8.1 Introduction8.2 Evolution of Operating Systems8.3 Process Management8.3.1 Process Control Block8.3.


2 Process Operations8.3.3 Processes Scheduling8.3.4 Process Synchronization8.3.5 Interprocess Communication8.3.


6 Deadlock8.4 Memory Management8.4.1 Multiple Partition Allocation8.4.2 Paging8.4.3 Segmentation8.


5 File Management8.5.1 Data Hierarchy8.5.2 File Attributes8.5.3 Basic File Operations8.5.


4 File OrganizationFile Systems (FAT, FAT32, NTFS)8.6 Device Management8.7 Security Management8.8 Command Interpretation8.9 Popular Operating Systems8.9.1 Microsoft DOS8.9.


2 Microsoft Windows8.9.3 Unix8.9.4 Linux8.9.5 Mac OS8.10 Mobile Operating SystemsLab ActivityChap 9: Database Systems9.


1 File-Oriented Approach9.2 Database-oriented Approach9.2.1 Components of Database System9.2.2 Advantages of Database Approach9.2.3 Disadvantages of Database Approach9.


2.4 Applications of Database Systems9.3 Database Views9.4 Three-schema Architecture9.5 Database Models9.5.1 Hierarchical Model9.5.


2 Network Model9.5.3 Relational Model9.5.4 Object-oriented Data Model9.6 Components of Database ManagementSystems9.7 Retrieving Data Through QueriesChap 10: Computer Networks10.1 Introduction to Computer Networks10.


1.1 Basics Elements of a Communication Process10.1.2 Advantages of ComputerNetworks10.2 Types of Networks10.2.1 Local Area Network10.2.


2 Wide Area Network10.2.3 Metropolitan Area Network10.2.4 Campus/Corporate Area Network10.2.5 Personal Area Network10.2.


6 Peer-to-Peer Networks10.3 Physical Components of a Network10.4 Wired Media10.4.1 Twisted-pair Wires10.4.2 Coaxial Cables10.4.


3 Fibre Optic Cables10.5 Wireless Media10.5.1 Terrestrial Microwaves10.5.2 Satellite Communication10.5.3 Infrared Communication10.


6 Networking Devices10.6.1 Hub10.6.2 Repeater10.6.3 Switch10.6.


4 Bridge10.6.5 Router10.6.6 Gateway10.6.7 Network Interface Card10.7 Network Topologies10.


7.1 Bus Topology10.7.2 Star Topology10.7.3 Ring Topology10.7.4 Mesh topology107.


7.5 Hybrid Topology10.8 Wireless Networks10.9 Data Transmission Mode10.9.1 Simplex, Half-duplex, and Full-duplexConnections10.9.2 Serial and Parallel Transmissions10.


9.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous DataTransmission Modes10.10 Data Switching10.10.1 Circuit Switching10.10.2 Message Switching10.10.


3 Packet Switching10.11 Data Routing Techniques10.12 Communication Protocols10.12.1 Open System InterconnectionModel10.12.2 Transmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol ModelLab ActivityChap 11: The Internet11.1 Internet11.


1.1 History11.1.2 Intranet and Extranet11.1.3 Differences between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet11.2 Internet Protocol Address11.2.


1 Types of IP Addresses11.3. Domain Name System11.4 Uniform Resource Locator11.5 Internet browsers11.6 Internet Services11.6.1 Electronic Mail [from CCC - chap 6]11.


6.2 Social NetworkingAdvantages & Disadvantages of Social Networking for Business11.6.3 Chatting11.6.4 File Transfer Protocol11.6.5 Internet Conferencing11.


6.6 Electronic Newspaper11.6.7 World Wide Web11.6.8 Online Shopping11.6.9 Search Engine11.


7 Types of Internet Connections11.7.1 Dial-up Connection11.7.2 Integrated Services Digital Network11.7.3 Leased Connection11.7.


4 Digital Subscriber Line Connection11.7.5 Cable Modem Connection11.7.6 Very Small Aperture Terminal11.8 Internet Security11.8.1 Threats to Internet Security11.


8.2 Preventive Measures11.8.3 Anti-Virus Software11.8.4 Firewalls11.8.5 Concept of Encryption and Decryption11.


8.6 Digital Signature, Digital Certificate11.9 Internet GlossaryLab ActivityActivity 1: Configure Internet ExplorerActivity 2: Accessing Web BrowserActivity 2: Downloading and Saving Web pagesActivity 3: Adding Bookmarks / FavouritesActivity 4: Viewing HistoryActivity 5: Configuring Email Account on GmailActivity 6: Opening Email AccountActivity 7: Reading EmailsActivity 8: Creating and Sending a New EmailActivity 9: Replying to an Email MessageActivity 10: Sending Document by EmailChap 12: Introduction to Windows 712.1 Desktop12.2 Task Bar12.3 Icons12.4 Files and Folders12.5 My Computer and Windows Explorer12.


6 My Documents12.7 Recycle Bin12.8 Internet Explorer12.9 Control Panel12.10 Start Menu12.11 Wind.


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