The U.S. Air Force currently faces unprecedented problems in itsefforts to provide adequate training for new and inexperienced pilots in itsoperational fighter units. On the one hand, there are too few fighterpilots in the active component to meet current and anticipated demands. On the other hand, the number of new fighter pilots entering operational units currently exceeds these units' absorption capacity, yielding a degraded training environment that ultimately threatens to compromise military readiness. This report assesses the Air Force's training dilemma with a view toward finding ways to remedy it in both the short and long term.Toward this goal, it defines the key parameters that influence a unit'sabsorption capacity, presents a best-case scenario on which to basenumerical analyses, and offers several options decisionmakers can exercise.Although there is no simple resolution to the Air Force's training problem,a thorough understanding of the dynamic processes involved in aircrewmanagement, together with a comprehensive analytic framework, promises to greatly aid decisionmakers in their efforts to address this issue.