Every year, millions of people claim Universal Credit and disability benefits, but far fewer feel justly treated. Just Bureaucracy asks why, and what can be done about it. Drawing on empirical research with thousands of welfare claimants, it reveals what justice actually means to the people who depend on the welfare state. It shows that when the system gets this right, claimants cooperate, engage, and trust. When it gets it wrong, the costs are steep. Rigorous and urgent, Just Bureaucracy provides a new case for fairer administration as a pathway to more effective governance.