Series Editors'' Preface viii Acknowledgments x Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Indian Ways 9 1 Maya Glyphs at Piedras Negras 9 2 Ancient Nahuatl Prayers from the Florentine Codex 12 3 Pueblo Bonito of Chaco Canyon 14 4 Images of Secotan 17 5 Two Versions of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Creation Story 21 Chapter 2 First Contact 27 1 Arrival of the Spaniards in the Annals of Tlatelolco 27 2 Response to the Spanish by Native Priests 29 3 Don Luis Travels the World 31 4 The Arrival of the Dutch at Manhattan in Native Memory 33 Chapter 3 The Expectations of the Strangers 39 1 Christopher Columbus''s Journal 39 2 Cabeza de Vaca''s Experiences in North America 41 3 Thomas Harriot''s Observations at Roanoke 43 4 John Smith''s Visit to Werowocomoco 44 5 Edward Waterhouse''s Report on the Events of 1622 46 Chapter 4 The Long Struggle for American Lands 50 1 A Jesuit''s Story of the 1639 Smallpox Epidemic 50 2 Gandeaktena''s Decision to Become a Christian 52 3 Metacom''s Grievances 55 4 Mary Rowlandson''s Narrative 57 5 The Declaration of a Rebellious Christian Indian in the Pueblo Revolt 61 Chapter 5 Eighteenth-Century Power Shifts 64 1 The Refusal of Some English Prisoners to Return to English Life 64 2 The Abenakis'' Forceful Statement to the English 68 3 The Chickasaws'' Political Vision in 1723 72 4 Sir Jeffery Amherst Suggests the Smallpox 76 5 The Chickasaws after the Revolution 81 6 George Washington''s Indian Policy 84 Chapter 6 What the New Nation Portended for Indians 89 1 Lewis and Clark in the Pacific Northwest 89 2 Russian Settlements in Alaska 91 3 Tecumseh''s Demands 94 4 The Cherokee Syllabary and Newspaper 99 5 The Cherokee Debate in Washington 102 6 Black Hawk''s Autobiography 112 7 William Apess''s Condemnation of White America 118 Chapter 7 The Losing of the West 122 1 Charles Ohiyesa Eastman''s Childhood Memories 122 2 Lone Dog''s Winter Count, 1800-1870 125 3 Sarah Winnemucca''s Choices 135 4 The Views of George Armstrong Custer 136 5 Black Elk''s Memories of the Battle of the Little Big Horn 138 6 Elaine Goodale''s Observations of the Ghost Dance 142 7 Charles Ohiyesa Eastman''s Visit to Wounded Knee 144 8 Geronimo''s Story of His Life 146 Chapter 8 Surviving Assimilation and the National Imagination 154 1 The 1887 Statement of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 154 2 Francis La Flesche''s Memories of Boarding School 157 3 A Navajo Girl''s Letters Home from Boarding School 161 4 William Stoddard''s The Talking Leaves 164 5 The Arguments of The Quarterly Journal 166 Chapter 9 Mid-Twentieth-Century Changes 171 1 The Arts and Crafts Act of 1935 171 2 The Navajo Contribution to the War Effort 175 3 The Musings of an Iroquois High Steel Man 177 4 The Menominee Struggle against Termination 181 Chapter 10 The Upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s 184 1 The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose 184 2 The Alcatraz Proclamation 186 3 Vine Deloria''s Custer Died for Your Sins 189 4 The Thoughts of Mary Crow Dog 192 5 A Reporter''s Comments on the Deaths at Pine Ridge 195 Chapter 11 The End of the Twentieth Century: A New Era? 198 1 The Origins of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) 198 2 Growing Pan-Indian Activism and the Native Press 201 3 Louise Erdrich''s ''''Dear John Wayne'''' 205 4 President Clinton''s 1994 Conference with Native Leaders 207 5 Struggles over the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 211 6 An Elder''s Stories for Future Generations 216 7 List of Federally Recognized Tribes Today 219 Selected Bibliography 233 Index 240.