1 Science: A Way of Knowing 1 How do you know what you know? The Role of Science 2 The Scientific Method 4 Other Ways of Knowing 12 The Organization of Science 14 2 The Ordered Universe 25 Why do planets appear to wander slowly across the sky? The Night Sky 26 The Birth of Mechanics 32 Isaac Newton and the Universal Laws of Motion 38 Momentum 42 The Universal Force of Gravity 44 3 Energy 51 Why must animals eat to stay alive? The Great Chain of Energy 52 Forms of Energy 56 The Interchangeability of Energy 60 The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy is Conserved 64 The United States and Its Energy Future 66 4 Heat and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 76 Why is it easier to make an omelet from an egg than to make an egg from an omelet? Nature''s Direction 77 Coming to Terms with Heat 78 Heat Transfer 81 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 86 Consequences of the Second Law 92 5 Electricity and Magnetism 98 What is lightning? Nature''s Other Forces 99 Static Electricity 100 Magnetism 103 Batteries and Electric Circuits 106 Connections Between Electricity and Magnetism 113 Electrical Effects from Magnetism 115 6 Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation 123 What is color? The Nature of Waves 124 The Electromagnetic Wave 131 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 137 7 Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity 150 Can a human ever travel faster than the speed of light, at "warp speed"? Frames of Reference 151 Special Relativity 154 General Relativity 161 8 The Atom 171 Why are there so many different materials in the world? The Smallest Pieces 172 The Structure of the Atom 177 When Matter Meets Light 179 Spectroscopy 181 9 Quantum Mechanics 192 How can the electron behave like both a particle and a wave? The World of the Very Small 193 Probabilities 197 Wave-Particle Duality 198 Wave-Particle Duality and the Bohr Atom 200 Quantum Entanglement 202 10 Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond 208 How does blood clot? Our Material World 209 Electron Shells and Chemical Bonds 210 Types of Chemical Bonds 211 Chemical Reactions and the Formation of Chemical Bonds 223 Common Chemical Reactions 226 Building Molecules: The Hydrocarbons 232 11 Materials and Their Properties 240 How have computers gotten so much faster? Materials and the Modern World 241 The Strengths of Materials 242 Magnetic Properties of Materials 248 Microchips and the Information Revolution 249 Information 255 12 The Nucleus of the Atom 263 How do scientists determine the age of the oldest human fossils? Empty Space, Explosive Energy 264 The Organization of the Nucleus 266 Radioactivity 269 Energy from the Nucleus 278 13 The Ultimate Structure of Matter 287 How can antimatter be used to probe the human brain? Of What is the Universe Made? 288 Discovering Elementary Particles 290 The Elementary Particle Zoo 294 The Four Fundamental Forces 297 Quantum Gravity, Strings, and Theories of Everything 301 14 The Stars 306 How much longer can the Sun sustain life on Earth? The Nature of Stars 307 The Anatomy of Stars 311 The Variety of Stars 316 The Life Cycles of Stars 318 15 Cosmology 328 Will the universe end? Edwin Hubble and the Discovery of Galaxies 329 The Redshift and Hubble''s Law 332 The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe 334 The Evolution of the Universe 339 Of What is the Universe Made? 342 16 Earth and Other Planets 350 Is Earth the only planet with life? The Formation of the Solar System 351 The Nebular Hypothesis 354 Exploring the Solar System 361 Extrasolar Planets 369 17 Plate Tectonics 376 Can we predict destructive earthquakes? Dynamic Earth 377 Plate Tectonics: A Unifying View of Earth 385 Another Look at Volcanoes and Earthquakes 392 18 Earth''s Many Cycles 400 Will we ever run out of fresh water? Cycles Small and Large 401 The Hydrologic Cycle 403 The Atmospheric Cycle 410 The Rock Cycle 416 19 Ecology, Ecosystems, and the Environment 427 Are human activities affecting the global environment? Ecology and Ecosystems 428 The Law of Unintended Consequences 432 Threats to the Global Ecosystem and Environment 434 Debates about Global Climate Change 442 20 Strategies of Life 449 The Organization of Living Things 450 What is Life? 452 Classifying Living Things 454 Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You 460 21 The Living Cell 474 What is the smallest living thing? The Nature and Variety of Cells 475 The Cell Theory 476 How Does a Cell Work? 478 Metabolism: Energy and Life 484 Cell Division 488 22 Molecules of Life 494 What constitutes a healthy diet? Organic Molecules 495 Proteins: The Workhorses of Life 498 Proteins as Enzymes 500 Carbohydrates 503 Lipids 505 Minerals and Vitamins 508 23 Classical and Modern Genetics 514 Why do offspring resemble their parents? Classical Genetics 515 DNA and the Birth of Molecular Genetics 519 The Genetic Code 522 Viruses 527 The Human Genome 529 24 The New Science of Life 537 Can we cure cancer? Genetic Engineering 538 DNA Fingerprinting 542 Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regenerative Medicine 543 Cancer--A Different Kind of Genetic Disease 546 Gene Therapy 548 DNA Repair in the Cell 549 Birth of Genomic Science 550 Unraveling the Past: Mitochondrial DNA 552 25 Evolution 559 How did life emerge on the ancient Earth? The Fact of Evolution 560 Chemical Evolution 564 The Window of Opportunity 566 Natural Selection and the Development of Complex Life 569 The Story of Life 572 The Evolution of Human Beings 578 Glossary G-1 Index I-1 Additional appendices available online only.