Table of Contents Preface 1 1. Background of Reconstruction 5 2. Adelbert Ames (1835-1933) 13 Medal of Honor Winner, General, Senator, Governor 3. Samuel Chapman Armstrong (1839-1893) 20 Union Army General and Founder of Hampton Institute 4. Blanche Kelso Bruce (1841-1898) 34 First African American to Serve a Full Term in the U.S. Senate 5. Cassius Marcellus Clay (1810-1903) 44 Firebrand of Freedom, Abolitionist, Ambassador to Russia 6.

Robert Brown Elliott (1842-1884) 52 Distinguished Lawyer, Eloquent Orator, Racial Militant 7. Charlotte Forten Grimké (1837-1914) 59 Abolitionist, Educator, Journal Author 8. Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823-1911) 67 Militant Abolitionist, Lifelong Activist, Man of Letters 9. John Mercer Langston (1829-1897) 75 Lawyer, Minister Resident and Consul-General, Dean and Professor of Law at Howard University, Member of Congress 10. James Longstreet (1821-1904) 87 Confederate General, Critic of Robert E. Lee, Political Realist 11. John Roy Lynch (1847-1939) 95 An Unusual Man Living in an Unusual Time 12. Albert Talmon Morgan (1842-1922) 101 Union Officer, Radical Republican Officeholder in Mississippi, a Man Ahead of His Time 13.

Albert R. Parsons (1848-1887) 111 Confederate Soldier, Republican, Haymarket Martyr 14. Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (1837-1921) 124 Riverboat Gambler, Governor of Louisiana, Lawyer, Congressman and U.S. Senator-Elect 15. Robert Smalls (1839-1915) 134 Military Hero, Political Activist, United States Congressman 16. Albion Winegar Tourgee (1838-1905) 140 Politician, Clear-eyed Analyst, Best-selling Novelist 17. George Henry White (1852-1918) 146 Educator, Lawyer, Real Estate Developer, Member of Congress 18.

The End of Reconstruction 155 Notes 163 Bibliography 171 Index 179.