1. Philosophy and You 1.1 Philosophy: The Quest of Understanding The Good of Philosophy Philosophical Terrain Main Divisions of Philosophy 1.2 Socrates and the Examined Life PLATO: The Republic 1.3 Thinking Philosophically Reasons and Arguments Valid and Invalid Philosophy Forms Reading Philosophy Philosophers: Themistoclea, Arignote, and Theano Fallacious Reasoning Obstacles to Critical Reasoning NARRATIVE: Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates 2. God and Religion 2.1 Overview: God and Philosophy Why Religion Matters Overview: The Philosopher''s Quest Belief and Disbelief 2.2 Arguments for the Existence of God Cosmological Arguments AQUINAS: Summa Theologica CRAIG: Reasonable Faith Design Arguments PALEY: Natural Theology HUME: Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Ontological Arguments ANSELM: Proslogium KANT: Critique of Pure Reason 2.
3 God and the Problem of Evil Rowe''s Argument from Evil ROWE: Philosophy of Religion The Free Will Defense SWINBURNE: Is There a God? The Soul-Making Defense HICK: Evil and the God of Love 2.4 Theis and Religious Experience ST. TERESA OF AVILA: The Life of Teresa of Jesus MACKIE: The Miracle of Theism ROWE: Philosophy of Religion SWINBURNE: The Existence of God 2.5 Belief without Reason James: Pragmatic Faith JAMES: "The Will to Believe" MARTIN: Atheism: A Philosophical Justification Pascal: Betting on God PASCAL: Pensees and Other Writings 2.6 Eastern Religions Buddhism SUMEDHO: Buddha-Nature RAHULA: What the Buddha Taught Hinduism Daoism CHUANG TZU: All Things Are One LAO-TZU: Tao-te ching FICTION: Arthur C. Clarke, "The Star" 3. Morality and the Moral Life 3.1 Overview: Ethics and the Moral Domain Ethics and Morality Moral Theories Religion and Morality SHAFER-LANDAU: Whatever Happened to Good and Evil? 3.
2 Moral Relativism Subjective Moral Relativism Cultural Moral Relativism 3.3 Morality Based on Consequences Utilitarianism MILL: "What Utilitarianism Is" Ethical Egoism 3.4 Morality Based on Duty and Rights KANT: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals 3.5 Prima Facie Principles: A Guide to Moral Decision-Making 3.6 Morality Based on Character ARISTOTLE: Nicomachean Ethics SHAFER-LANDAU: The Fundamentals of Ethics 3.7 Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care JAGGAR: "Feminist Ethics" CROSTHWAITE: "Gender and Bioethics" HELD: The Ethics of Care BAIER: "The Need for More Than Justice" 3.8 Albert Camus: An Existentialist Voice CAMUS: The Myth of Sisyphus 3.9 Confucianism CONFUCIUS: Analects NOSS: A History of the World''s Religions FICTION: Ursula K.
Le Guin, "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" 4. Mind and Body 4.1 Overview: The Mind-Body Problem 4.2 Substance Dualism DESCARTES: Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason SCHICK: Doing Philosophy DESCARTES: Meditations on First Philosophy SEARLE: Mind 4.3 Mind-Body Identity SMART: "Sensations and Brain Processes" CHALMERS: The Conscious Mind NAGEL: "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" 4.4 The Mind as Software FODOR: "The Mind-Body Problem" BLOCK: "Troubles with Functionalism" SEARLE: Mind 4.5 The Mind as Properties CHALMERS: The Conscious Mind FICTION: Terry Bisson, "They''re Made out of Meat" 5. Free Will and Determinism 5.
1 Overview: The Free Will Problem What Do You Believe? Fate 5.2 Determinism and Indeterminism D''HOLBACH: "Of the System of Man''s Free Agency" JAMES: "The Dilemma of Determinism" 5.3 Compatibilism LOCKE: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding STACE: Religion and the Modern Mind ROWE: "Two Concepts of Freedom" 5.4 Libertarianism VAN INWAGEN: An Essay on Free Will TAYLOR: Metaphysics 5.5 Sartre''s Profound Freedom SARTRE: "Existentialism Is a Humanism" FICTION: Thomas D. Davis, "A Little Omniscience Goes a Long Way" 6. Knowledge and Skepticism 6.1 Overview: The Problem of Knowledge 6.
2 The Rationalist Road Plato''s Rationalism PLATO: Meno Descartes''s Doubt DESCARTES: Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes''s Certainty DESCARTES: Meditations on First Philosophy 6.3 The Empiricist Turn Locke LOCKE: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Berkeley BERKELEY: Of the Principles of Human Knowledge Hume HUME: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 6.4 The Kantian Compromise KANT: Critique of Pure Reason 6.5 A Feminist Perspective on Knowledge AINLEY: "Feminist Philosophy" ANTONY: "Embodiment and Epistemology" ANDERSON: "Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science" COLE: Philosophy and Feminist Criticism FICTION: Lewis Carroll, "Through the Looking-Glass" 7. What Is Art? 7.1 Overview: Philosophy of Beauty 7.2 What Is Art? BELL: Art 7.3 Aesthetic Value 7.
4 Plato, Aristotle, and Hume ARISTOTLE: The Poetics HUME: Of the Standard of Taste FICTION: Edgar Allan Poe, "The Oval Portrait" 8. The Just Society 8.1 Overview: Justice and Political Philosophy 8.2 Plato''s Theory: Justice as Merit PLATO: The Republic 8.3 Social Contract Theories Hobbes HOBBES: Leviathan Locke LOCKE: Second Treatise of Government Rawls RAWLS: A Theory of Justice 8.4 Socialist Theories HALLIDAY AND THRASHER: The Ethics of Capitalism MARX and ENGELS: Manifesto of the Communist Party Writing to Understand: Critiquing Philosophical Views 8.5 Capitalism and Social Justice 8.6 Feminism and Social Justice OKIN: Justice, Gender, and the Family MILLER: Political Philosophy FICTION: William Golding, "Lord of the Flies" 9.
The Meaning of Life 9.1 Overview: Philosophy and the Meaning of Life 9.2 Pessimism: Life Has No Meaning TOLSTOY: My Confession SCHOPENHAUER: "On the Sufferings of the World" BAGGINI: What''s It All About? 9.3 Optimism: Life Can Have Meaning Meaning from Above TOLSTOY: My Confession BAGGINI: What''s It All About? Meaning from Below EDWARDS: The Encyclopedia of Philosophy FICTION: Voltaire, "The Good Brahmin" Appendix A: The Truth about Philosophy Majors Appendix B: Answers to Exercises Appendix C: How to Write a Philosophy Paper Appendix D: Evaluating Online Sources.