This book addresses the practice on the historical connection between China's Maritime Silk Road in the 18th to 19th centuries and early Chinese oil paintings. It demonstrates the historical, artistic and scientific value of export paintings during a specific period from the perspective of technological history. This book contrasts the investigation of historical materials with the analysis of paintings, interpreting the materials and production techniques of Chinese export paintings using scientific analysis approaches. It re-examines the significance and value of export paintings in material and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, filling a niche in similarity of the research area. This book also contains a full collection of historical color images from first-hand accounts of material. It could serve as a comprehensive reference for archaeological researchers in a specific area of China's cultural heritage.