One-dimensional structures, such as nanofibers, have the smallest dimension for efficient transport of electrons and optical excitations, and can be used in diverse applications such as nano-electronics and photonics as building blocks in bottom-up assembly, which could overcome fundamental limitations of conventional microfabrications based on lithography. Unfortunately, there has not been a well-established technology to fabricate nanofibers. Electrostatic generation or electrospinning, an old technology patented in 1934, is promising to fill the blank. The technology has recently been re-vitalized to fabricate versatile ultrafine fibers. This book develops a general methodology for fabrication of versatile inorganic fibers based on electrospinning and a couple of specific receipts for fabrication of carbon and lead zirconate titanate nanofibers, characterizes the synthesized nanofibers and their properties, elucidates and models related physical mechanisms, especially the mechanism of electron transport in disordered system in reduced dimension. It should help shed some light on nanotechnology and is of reference value to those in nanotechnology.