Part I. Characteristics of Perceptual-Motor Behavior Associated With Down Syndrome Chapter 1. Patterns of Muscle Activation in Simple Reaction-Time Tasks J. Greg Anson and Grant A. Mawston Movement Preparation and Simple Reaction Time The Proximal-to-Distal Phenomenon Performance Consistency and Patterns of Muscle Activation Conclusions Summary References Chapter 2. Control of Manual Skills in Children With Down Syndrome Judith L. Charlton, Elfriede Ihsen, and Barbara M. Lavelle Development of Abilities in Children With Down Syndrome Brain Structure and Function Motor Learning and Motor Control A Model for the Reach-to-Grasp Action Performance of Reaching and Grasping in Individuals With Down Syndrome Conclusions Summary References Chapter 3.

Preparation and Control of Goal-Directed Limb Movements in Persons With Down Syndrome Timothy N. Welsh and Digby Elliott Perceptual-Motor Speed: A Review of Reaction Time and Movement Preparation Literature Rapid Limb Control: Vision and Kinesthesis in On-Line Regulation The Verbal Mediation of Goal-Directed Movement Motor Learning Conclusions Summary References Chapter 4. Locomotor Patterns of Individuals With Down Syndrome: Effects of Environmental and Task Constraints Eliane Mauerberg-deCastro and Rosa M. Angulo-Kinzler Dynamic Principles in Locomotion Behavior and Sources of Constraints The Analysis of Locomotion in Down Syndrome Preliminary Work Conclusions Summary References Chapter 5. Ophthalmic Factors in Down Syndrome: A Motoric Perspective Mark Mon-Williams, Anne Jobling, and John P. Wann Pathological Conditions Eyesight Refractive Error Conjugate Eye Movements Vergence and Accommodation Implications for Movement Conclusions Summary References Chapter 6. Face Processing in Children With Down Syndrome T.K.

Pitcairn and Jennifer G. Wishart Social Understanding in Children With Down Syndrome Understanding Others: Developing Face-Processing Skills Understanding the Information Available in Faces Face-Processing Ability in Children With Down Syndrome: Some Illustrative Experiments The Nature of the Deficit Perceptual-Matching Ability in Children With Down Syndrome Conclusions Summary References Part II. Motor Development, Learning, and Adaptive Change Chapter 7. Sensorimotor Deficits in Down Syndrome: Implications for Facilitating Motor Performance Gil Lúcio Almeida, Charli Tortoza, Sandra M.S. Ferreira, Nádia F. Marconi, Gerald L. Gottlieb, and Daniel M.

Corcos Similarities to Individuals Without Down Syndrome Differences in Comparison to Individuals Without Down Syndrome Can Movement Clumsiness Be Attributed to Impaired Decision-Making in Down Syndrome? Conclusions Summary References Chapter 8. Attention and Cognitive-Skill Acquisition Cynthia L. Dulaney and Phillip D. Tomporowski Motor and Cognitive Skills Encoding Processes Decision Processes Response Processes Conclusions Summary References Chapter 9. Motor Coordination in Down Syndrome: The Role of Adaptive Changes Mark L. Latash Main Problems of Coordination of Natural Movements The Problem of Motor Redundancy Structural Units and Synergies The Cerebellum Movement Patterns in Down Syndrome Practice Effects Adaptive Changes in the Central Nervous System Possible Routes to Optimization of Special Physical Education Programs Conclusions Summary References Chapter 10. Motor Development in Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Perspective Anne Jobling and Mark Mon-Williams Developmental Progress of Infants and Young Children With Down Syndrome Developmental Progress Into the School-Age Years Two Australian Studies Conclusions Summary References Part III. Current Research Strategies in the Investigation of Perceptual-Motor Behavior in Down Syndrome Chapter 11.

Information-Movement Coupling in Children With Down Syndrome Geert Savelsbergh, John van der Kamp, Annick Ledebt, and Tjasa Planinsek The Functional Coupling of Information and Movement: Affordances, Constraints, and Information Research Strategy Grasping: Size As a Constraint Catching Posture and Optic Flow Information Conclusions Summary References Chapter 12. Atypical Dynamics of Motor Behavior in Down Syndrome Michael G. Wade, Richard Van Emmerik, and Thomas P. Kernozek Periodicity as Patterned Behavior Clinical Studies Optical Flow and the Control of Posture Motion Sickness Conclusions Summary References Chapter 13. A Functional-Systems Approach to Movement Pathology in Persons With Down Syndrome Matthew Heath, Digby Elliott, Daniel J. Weeks, and Romeo Chua Handedness and Language Lateralization Cerebral Specialization for Haptic and Visual Processing Cerebral Specialization for Speech Production The Biological-Dissociation Model Speech Errors and the Dissociation of Speech Perception and Movement (Speech) Production Future Directions Conclusions Summary References Chapter 14. Neurophysiological Correlates of Perceptual-Motor Behavior in Down Syndrome Giuseppe A. Chiarenza and Paolo Stagi Materials and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References.