1. Atoms and Elements: The Building Blocks of Chemistry. 1.1 Chemistry is important for anyone studying the sciences. 1.2 The scientific method helps us build models of nature. 1.3 Properties of materials can be classified in different ways.
1.4 Materials are described by their properties. 1.5 Atoms of an element have properties in common. 1.6 Atoms are composed of subatomic particles. 1.7 The periodic table is used to organize and correlate facts.
TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH. 2. Compounds and Chemical Reactions. 2.1 Elements combine to form compounds. 2.2 Chemical equations describe what happens in chemical reactions.
2.3 Energy is an important part of chemical change. 2.4 Molecular compounds contain neutral particles called molecules. 2.5 Naming molecular compounds follows a system. 2.6 Ionic compounds are composed of charged particles called ions.
2.7 The formulas of many ionic compounds can be predicted. 2.8 Naming ionic compounds also follows a system. 2.9 Molecular and ionic compounds have characteristic properties. TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH.
3. Measurement. 3.1 Measurements are quantitative observations. 3.2 Measurements always include units. 3.3 Measurements always contain some uncertainty.
3.4 Measurements are written using the significant figures convention. 3.5 Units can be converted using the factor-label method. 3.6 Density is a useful intensive property. TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH.
4. The Mole: Connecting the Macroscopic and Molecular Worlds. 4.1 Use large-scale measurements to count tiny objects. 4.2 The mole conveniently links mass to number of atoms or molecules. 4.3 Chemical formulas relate amounts of substances in a compound.
4.4 Chemical formulas can be determined from experimental mass measurements. 4.5 Chemical equations link amounts of substances in a reaction. 4.6 Chemical equations cannot create or destroy atoms. 4.7 The reactant in shortest supply limits the amount of product.
4.8 The predicted amount of product is not always obtained experimentally. TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH. TEST OF FACTS AND CONCEPTS Chapters 1-4. 5. Reactions Between Ions in Aqueous Solutions. 5.
1 Special terminology applies to solutions. 5.2 Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water. 5.3 Equations for ionic reactions can be written in different ways. 5.4 Reactions that produce precipitates can be predicted. 5.
5 Acids and bases are classes of compounds with special properties. 5.6 Naming acids and bases follows a system. 5.7 Acids and bases are classified as strong or weak. 5.8 Neutralization occurs when acids and bases react. 5.
9 Gases are formed in some metathesis reactions. 5.10 Predicting metathesis reactions-A summary. 5.11 The composition of a solution is described by its concentration. 5.12 Molarity is used for problems in solution stoichiometry. 5.
13 Chemical analysis and titration are applications of solution stoichiometry. TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH. 6. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. 6.1 Oxidation-reduction reactions involve electron transfer. 6.
2 The ion-electron method creates balanced net ionic equations for redox reactions. 6.3 Metals are oxidized when they react with acids. 6.4 A more active metal will displace a less active one from its compounds. 6.5 Molecular oxygen is a powerful oxidizing agent. 6.
6 Redox reactions follow the same stoichiometric principles as other reactions. TOOLS YOU HAVE LEARNED. THINKING IT THROUGH. 7. Energy and Chemical Change: Breaking and Making Bonds.<.