This second volume of the three-part encyclopedia of Chinese-English translation provides a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of translation studies in both China and the West. The book systematically examines the development of Western translation theory, organizing its progression into five distinct phases. It also traces the history of Chinese translation, from early Buddhist sutra translations to modern practices, offering comparative analysis of Eastern and Western theories and methodologies. Additionally, the volume explores the evolution of Chinese translation theory before and after the 20th century, with particular attention to the contributions of key figures such as Yan Fu. An essential resource for scholars, students, and practitioners, this volume offers invaluable insights into translation methodology and serves as a practical guide for those working with classical Chinese texts. It is a must-read for anyone engaged in Chinese-English translation or Chinese studies.