PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSINTRODUCTIONThe TopicThe Physical Geography of the MoesiasMethodology and EvidenceMethodologyEvidenceLiterary EvidenceMaterial EvidenceEpigraphic EvidenceUnit NamesModern Scholarship on the Roman MilitaryThe Organisation of the Roman MilitaryThe Roman Military and the Lower DanubeChapter OrganisationPART I: THE DATA CHAPTER 1: The Lower Danube from 27 BC to AD 81IntroductionBackground: Military HistoryAugustusNeroThe Year of the Four Emperors and VespasianTroop Movements from Augustus to TitusLegionsJulio-Claudian Dynasty AuxiliaeThe Evidence from the DiplomataPoorly Attested Flavian Dynasty AuxiliaConcluding ThoughtsCHAPTER 2: The Lower Danube from AD 81 to AD 161IntroductionBackground: Military HistoryDomitianTrajanHadrian and Antoninus PiusLegions from Domitian through Antoninus PiusAuxiliae: Moesia SuperiorDomitianTrajanHadrianAntoninus PiusAuxiliae: Moesia InferiorDomitianNervaTrajanHadrianConcluding ThoughtsCHAPTER 3: The Lower Danube from AD 161 to AD 235IntroductionBackground: Military HistoryMarcus AureliusCommodusExercitus Moesiae Septimius Severus to Severus AlexanderTroop Movements from Marcus Aurelius to Severus AlexanderLegionsAuxiliae: Moesia SuperiorAuxiliae: Moesia InferiorConcluding ThoughtsCHAPTER 4: Vexillations and the Black SeaIntroductionVexillationsGeneralThe Lower DanubeThe Black SeaMoesian Land-Based Soldiers on the Black SeaThe First Century Tyras and OlbiaChersonesus and the CrimeaThe Moesian NavyConcluding ThoughtsCHAPTER 5: Troop Emplacement in the MoesiasIntroductionLegionsThe Legions from Augustus to TitusThe Legions from Domitian to Antoninus PiusThe Legions from Marcus Aurelius to Severus AlexanderAuxiliariesIntroductionMoesiaMoesia SuperiorMoesia InferiorVexillationsTroop Emplacement and LogisticsConcluding ThoughtsPART II: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER 6: Rome's Strategy on the Lower DanubeRoman StrategyThe Size and Strength of the Moesian ArmyThe Moesian StrategyMoesian Military Units and the Wider Roman EmpireConcluding ThoughtsCONCLUSION: The Value of Traditional Roman Military HistoryAPPENDIX 1: Summary Tables of Legions and Auxiliary UnitsAPPENDIX 2: List of all the Military Units Based in MoesiaAPPENDIX 3: List of Moesian DiplomasAPPENDIX 4: List of Ancient Sources UsedAPPENDIX 5: The NumeriAPPENDIX 6: MapsBIBLIOGRAPHYINDEX.