List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: The Parade, 2009 Chapter 2: Understanding Archaeology and the Throwing Game What Exactly is Archaeology? The Basics The Archaeological Tool Set: Excavation The Archaeological Tool Set Continued: Survey The Archaeological Mindset: Interpretation of Sites The Archaeological Mindset: As a Way of Asking Questions Contemporary Archaeology and the Study of Mardi Gras Our Case Study: Why Beads? Historical Archaeology The History of the Throwing Game: Doing the Research The Throwing Game: What was Learned? Chapter 3: A Culture Historian's Approach to Carnival: Classifying Mardi Gras Beads The Prehistory of Culture History Franz Boas, Historical Particularism and the Theoretical Foundations of Culture History Archaeological Tools: Classification Types of Mardi Gras Beads Culture History and Chronology: Absolute and Relative Dating Techniques Dendrochronology Using Documents and Dated Artifacts or Events: TPQS and TAQS A Diversion in Which I Explain Radiocarbon Dating Dating before Radiometrics: Relative Dating Techniques, Superposition, and Seriation The Stylistic Seriation of Mardi Gras Beads Frequency Seriation Frequency Seriation and Mardi Gras Chapter 4: Putting the Science in Archaeology's Social Science The Hypothetico-Deductive Method Zooarchaeology and an Example of the Hypothetico-Deductive Method Making Archaeology Scientific: Other New Methodologies of the New Archaeology Paleoethnobotany Designing Mardi Gras Problems of Site Formation Processes Data Collection and Sampling The Field Seasons Archaeological Knowing Ethnographic Analogy Ethnoarchaeology Experimental Archaeology Middle-Range Research and Mardi Gras Chapter 5: Mardi Gras as Lived, Social, and Experiential An Archaeological Creation Story The Post-Processual Critique Riding in the Super Krewe: An Embodied Experience Chapter 6: Technology and Social Change Archaeologies of Technology How was an Item Made? Bioarchaeology of Labor Chaines Opertoire How the Mardi Gras Beads Were Made and How They Changed Chaines Opertoires for Mardi Gras Beads Techniques for Making Glass Beads The Czech Operational Chain German Glass Bead Chain of Operations Japanese Glass Bead Operational Chain Indian Beads Chain of Operation A Different Chain of Operation: Manufacturing Plastic Beads Chinese Hand-Strung Plastic Beads MOS Operational Chains: Collapsing Bead Manufacturing and Stringing in One Step What Changes Due to Technology Our Chaines Opertoire in Summation Impacts of Technology Change Evolutionary Archaeology The Evolutionary Archaeology of Mardi Gras Human Behavioral Ecology Foraging for Beads Part I: Human Behavioral Ecology and Choosing Which Beads to Throw Bead Foraging Part II: Human Behavioral Ecology and Catching Beads Chapter 7: Mardi Gras Gifts and Bead Exchange Gift Giving Types of Exchange Relationships Trade as Seen on the Landscape Why Exchange? Recognizing Trade Items Recognizing Types of Trade Archaeologically: An Example from Oakley Plantation Buying, Bribing, and Bartering with Beads The Throwing Game as a Feast Large-Scale Feasts in Honduras Small-Scale Feasts in the American Prehistoric South Feasting Mardi Gras Style Scales of Parades Feasts Increasing: Bead Inflation, 1921-2004 Measuring Wealth--Abundance Versus Quality: Historical Perspectives Qua.