IntroductionThe Nature of Moral AssessmentChallenges to Morality I: Ethical EgoismChallenges to Morality II: Ethical RelativismFour Normative Theories- Utilitarianism- Deontology- Social Contract Theory and Contractarianism- Virtue EthicsWhy Environmental Ethics for Canadians?Part I: Moral Standing1. Animal WelfarismIntroductionMoral Standing and SpeciesismPeter Singer: - ''A Utilitarian Defence of Animal Liberation''Beyond UtilitarianismProblems with Animal WelfarismMark Sagoff: - ''Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce''ConclusionCase Study: Sustainabilitarianism and Eating Beef2. BiocentrismIntroductionRights for Living Things?Christopher D. Stone: - ''Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects''Biocentric EgalitarianismPaul W. Taylor: - ''The Ethics of Respect for Nature''Human Superiority and Inter-Species ConflictConclusionCase Study: Respect for Nature and the North Mackenzie River Watershed3. Ecocentrism and Deep EcologyIntroductionThe Land EthicAldo Leopold: - ''The Land Ethic''Going DeepArne Naess: - ''Identification as a Source of Deep Ecological Attitudes''Three Objections and ResponsesConclusionCase Study: Tallgrass Prairie as ''Endangered Space''Part II: Challenges and New Directions4. Economics and EcologyIntroductionOptimal ThinkingWilliam F. Baxter: - from People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal PollutionThe Allure of Cost-Benefit AnalysisProblems with Cost-Benefit AnalysisSteven Kelman: - ''Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Ethical Critique''ConclusionCase Study: Aquaculture and the Economic Growth Imperative5.
Environmental PragmatismIntroductionTwo Problems with Intrinsic ValueValue Pluralism: Reclaiming the Land EthicAnthony Weston: - ''Before Environmental Ethics''The Importance of Building ConsensusJennifer Welchman: - ''Environmental Pragmatism'' *ConclusionCase Study: Protecting Canada''s Freshwater Resource6. EcofeminismIntroductionSexism and Naturism: Making the ConnectionKaren J. Warren: - ''The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism''Overcoming DualismsResisting the Essentialist TemptationVictoria Davion: - ''How Feminist Is Ecofeminism?''Ecofeminism and Environmental EthicsConclusionCase Study: Dioxin in Breast Milk and Women as Front-Line Environmentalists7. Environmental AestheticsIntroductionBeauty and Duty: Mapping the TerrainAllen Carlson: - ''Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and Environmentalism'' *The Dispositive Character of Natural Beauty JudgementsRonald Moore: - ''The Moral Dimensions of Natural Beauty'' *Aesthetic Weight and the Preservationist''s DilemmaGlenn Parsons: - ''Aesthetic Preservation'' *ConclusionCase Study: Nunavut and the Reciprocity Thesis8. First Nations'' PerspectivesIntroductionThe CircleGeorges Sioui: - ''The Sacred Circle of Life''Respect and ControlConfronting Myths of the Ecological AmerindianBruce Morito: - ''The "Ecological Indian" and Environmentalism'' *Traditional Ecological KnowledgeConclusionCase Study: Language, Land, and the Residential Schools9. Environmental Virtue EthicsIntroductionHuman Excellence and the EnvironmentThomas E. Hill, Jr.: - ''Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments''Environmental Virtue: Expanding the ListGeoffrey Frasz: - ''Benevolence as an Environmental Virtue''Two Objections and RepliesConclusionCase Study: Three Canadian Environmentalist ExemplarsPart III: Environmental Issues10.
Climate ChangeIntroductionConfronting Climate Change DenialResponsibility for Climate ChangeMartin Schonfeld: - ''Amerigenic Climate Change'' *The Problem of Political InertiaStephen M. Gardiner: - ''Saved by Disaster? Abrupt Climate Change, Political Inertia, and the Possibility of an Intergenerational Arms Race''ConclusionCase Study: Current Effects of Climate Change: The Mountain Pine Beetle11. Population and ConsumptionIntroductionMalthus''s ChallengeThomas Robert Malthus: - ''An Essay on the Principle of Population''The Economist''s RetortJulian Simon: - ''Can the Supply of Natural Resources Really Be Infinite? Yes!''Peak Oil and the Oil SandsConclusionCase Study: Making Space for Grizzlies12. The Biodiversity CrisisIntroductionSpecies or Individuals?The Nature of BiodiversityDavid Suzuki: - ''The Power of Biodiversity''The Value of BiodiversityDavid Ehrenfeld: - ''Why Put a Value on Biodiversity?''The Practice of Protecting BiodiversityDavid Suzuki: - ''A Walk in a Rainforest''ConclusionCase Study: Biodiversity in Carolinian Canada13. SustainabilityIntroductionSustainability and Human NeedsRobert F. Litke: - ''The Concept of "Sustainability"'' *Sustainability and SubstitutabilitySustainability and the CityIngrid Leman Stefanovic: - ''Sustainability and Sense of Place'' *ConclusionCase Study: Nuclear Power: Unsustainable Train to the Future?* Indicates commissioned article.