Excerpt from Lord Clive In the collection of the revenue there was the greatest conflict of interests. Each public official tried to squeeze money out of the one next below him. The consequence was that the ryot tried to cheat the zamindctr by keep ing back part of his harvest, and the zamindar the revenue collector. The N awab retained part of the revenue of his district, and the Subadar and his Diwan were frequently in collusion, to defraud the Imperial Treasury. Few men could resist the temptation to appropriate some Of. The money that passed through their hands. The system of giving presents was uni versal; no one could approach a superior or present a petition without making a propitiatory offering. Every one bribed when he had an Object to attain, and money could purchase absolution for the foulest crimes.

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