We encounter controversies every day that concern school vouchers, prayer in schools and stadiums, religious symbols in public spaces, and tax support for faith-based social initiatives as well as arguments among advocates of "pro-choice" and "pro-life" positions. These and other issues are at the center of an ongoing search for a means to delineate the interactions among religious and political authorities-- initially in the United States but increasingly in the rest of the world as well. This concise volume presents chronologically-organized chapters that include selections from documents like colonial charters, opinions of the Supreme Court and salient legislation, along with contemporary commentary, and incisive interpretations of the issues by modern scholars. Figures as divergent as John Winthrop, John F. Kennedy, and Sandra Day O'Connor speak from these pages as directly as Paul Blanshard, Reinhold Niebuhr, John Courtney Murray, and Robert Bellah. Church and State in American History addresses the difficult relationships among the political and religious structures of our society and the emergence of an American solution to the church-state problem.