Introduction to the Korean Language 1.1 Characteristic Features of Korean 1.1.1 Word Classes 1.1.2 Word Order: Korean is an SOV language 1.1.2.
1 Flexible Word Order 1.1.2.2 The Postpositional Characteristic of Korean 1.1.2.3 The Position of Complements 1.1.
2.4 Interrogative Word Order 1.1.3 An Intricate System of Honorific Categories 1.1.4 Korean as an Elliptical Language 1.2 Korean Script and Pronunciation 1.2.
1 Basic Principles of Hangul Writing 1.2.1.1 Letter Names and Dictionary Order 1.2.1.2 Writing Syllabically 1.2.
2 Hangul Pronunciation Guide 1.2.2.1 Simple Vowels 1.2.2.2 Y-Vowels 1.2.
2.3 W-Vowels 1.2.2.4 The Compound Vowel 1.2.2.5 Basic Consonants 1.
2.2.6 Aspirated Consonants 1.2.2.7 Tensed or ''Double'' Consonants 1.2.3 Pronunciation Changes 1.
2.3.1 Pronunciation of Syllable-final Consonants 1.2.3.2 Simplification of Consonant Clusters 1.2.3.
3 Re-syllabification 1.2.3.4 Nasal Assimilation 1.2.3.5 r/l pronounced as n 1.2.
3.6 n pronounced as l 1.2.3.7 Palatalisation of t and t'' 1.2.3.8 n Addition 1.
2.3.9 h Reduction 1.2.3.10 Aspiration 1.2.3.
11 Reinforcement Nouns, Nominal Forms, Pronouns and Numbers Nouns 2.1.1 Lack of Articles, Number and Gender 2.1.1.1 Lack of Articles 2.1.1.
2 Lack of Number 2.1.1.3 Lack of Gender 2.1.2 Bound/Dependent Nouns 2.1.2.
1 ''thing, ''object'' or ''affair'' 2.1.2.2 ''-cum-'' 2.1.2.3 ''place'' 2.1.
2.4 ''occasion, chance'' 2.1.2.5 ''in accordance with'' 2.1.2.6 ''thanks to'' 2.
1.2.7 ''place'' 2.1.2.8 ''during'' 2.1.2.
9 ''may or may not'' 2.1.2.10 ''as if'' 2.1.2.11 ''only, alone'' 2.1.
2.12 ''when'' 2.1.2.13 ''reason'' 2.1.2.14 ''reasons'' 2.
1.2.15 ''around the time'' 2.1.2.16 ''thing'' 2.1.2.
17 ''only'', ''just'', ''nothing but'' 2.1.2.18 ''case'', ''circumstance'' 2.1.2.19 ''event'' 2.1.
2.20 ''the way'', ''the fact'' 2.1.2.21 / ''middle'' 2.1.2.22 ''since'' 2.
1.2.23 ''side'' 2.1.2.24 ''just as it is'' Nominal Forms 2.2.1 Nominal Form - 2.
2.2 Nominal Form -/- 2.2.3 Nominal Form - 2.2.4 Sentence Patterns with - 2.2.4.
1 - ''depending .'') 2.2.4.2 - ''because .'') 2.2.4.
3 -/ - ''be bound to .'') 2.2.4.4 -() - ''fortunately . otherwise'' 2.2.4.
5 - - ''start .'' 2.2.4.6 - - ''it is easy to .'' 2.2.4.
7 - - ''in order to'' 2.2.4.8. - -/ - ''boundless, endless'' 2.2.4.9 - - ''be apt to .
'' 2.2.4.10 - ''before .'' 2.2.4.11 - - ''very .
'' 2.2.4.12 - - ''just .'' 2.2.4.13 - ''no way'' 2.
2.4.14 - - ''indeed'' 2.2.4.15 -() ''far from .'' 2.2.
4.16 - - ''also .'' 2.2.4.17 - - ''only .'' 2.2.
4.18 - - ''decide to .'' 2.2.4.19 - - ''be supposed to .'' 2.2.
4.20 -/ - ''hope .'' 2.2.4.21 - ''upon, because .'' 2.2.
4.22 - - ''depending on .'' 2.2.5 Nominal Form - 2.2.6 Using -()/ to Create Nominal Forms Pronouns 2.3.
1 Personal Pronouns 2.3.1.1 First Person Pronouns 2.3.1.2 Second Person Pronouns 2.3.
1.3 Third Person Pronouns 2.3.2 Demonstrative Pronouns 2.3.3 Reflexives and Reciprocals 2.3.4 Interrogative Pronouns (Wh-words) Numbers and Counting 2.
4.1 Pure Korean and Sino-Korean Numbers 2.4.2 Which System to Use 2.4.3 Sentence Patterns with Numbers 2.4.4 Counting and Naming Periods of Time 2.
4.4.1 Years 2.4.4.2 Months 2.4.4.
3 Weeks 2.4.4.4 Days 2.4.4.5 Telling the Time 2.4.
4.6 Telling the Date Particles 3.1 Defining Particles 3.2 Case Particles 3.2.1 The Subject Particle / 3.2.2 The Object Particle / 3.
2.3 The Possessive Particle 3.2.4 Particles of Movement and Location 3.2.4.1 ''to/in/at'' 3.2.
4.2 () ''in/to'' 3.2.4.3 ''from/in/at'' 3.2.4.4 / ''to'' 3.
2.4.5 ''to'' 3.2.4.6 ''to'' 3.2.4.
7 / ''from'' 3.2.4.8 () ''from'' 3.2.4.9 Particle phrase () ''letting/making (someone do something)'' 3.2.
5 Instrumental Particles 3.2.5.1 () ''by/with/as'' 3.2.5.2 () ''as'' 3.2.
5.3 () ''by means of'' 3.2.5.4 Particle phrase () () ''due to'' 3.2.6 Comitative Particles 3.2.
6.1 / ''and/with'' 3.2.6.2 ''and/with'' 3.2.6.3 () ''and/with'' 3.
2.7 Vocative Particle / 3.3 Special Particles 3.3.1 The Plural Particle 3.3.2 Particles of Topic and Focus 3.3.
2.1 The topic particle/ 3.3.2.2 () ''if it''s .'' 3.3.2.
3 () ''indeed'' 3.3.3 Particles of Extent 3.3.3.1 ''only'' 3.3.3.
2 ''only'' 3.3.3.3 ''except for'' 3.3.3.4 ''from'' 3.3.
3.5 ''up until'' 3.3.3.6 ''also'', ''even'' 3.3.3.7 ''even'' 3.
3.3.8 ''even'' 3.3.3.9 / ''with exception'', ''pretty . for a .'' 3.
3.3.10 ''far from'' 3.3.4 Particles of Frequency 3.3.4.1 ''every'' 3.
3.4.2 ''apiece'' 3.3.5 Particles of Approximation and Optionality 3.3.5.1 ''about'' 3.
3.5.2 () ''about'', ''or'', ''just'' 3.3.6 Particles of Comparison and Contrast 3.3.6.1 ''like'' 3.
3.6.2 ''like'' 3.3.6.3 ''as . as'' 3.3.
6.4 ''more than'' 3.3.6.5 ''unusually'' 3.3.6.6 ''in accordance with'' 4.
Verbs 4.1 Characteristics of Korean Verbs 4.1.1 Types of Verbs: Processive and Descriptive 4.1.2 Types of Verbs: - Verbs 4.1.3 Types of Verbs: Negative Verbs 4.
1.4 Types of Verbs: The Copula (Equational Verb) 4.1.5 Verb Bases 4.1.6 The Infinitive Form 4.1.7 The Dictionary Form 4.
1.8 Attaching Verb Endings 4.2 Negatives 4.2.1 Short Negatives with and 4.2.2 Long Negatives with - - and - - 4.2.
3 Negative Commands and Proposals with - - 4.2.4 Expressions that Require Negative Verbs 4.3 Tense and Aspect 4.3.1 Past Tenses 4.3.1.
1 Simple Past -/- 4.3.1.2 Past-Past or Discontinuous Past -/- 4.3.1.3 Observed or Perceived Past Tense -- 4.3.
2 Future Tenses 4.3.2.1 -- 4.3.2.2 -() - 4.3.
2.3 Other Forms with Future-related Meanings 4.3.2.4 Summary of Korean Futures 4.3.3 Continuous Tense 4.3.
3.1 Continuous States with -/ - 4.3.3.2 Continuous Actions with - - 4.4 Derived Verbs: Passives, Causatives and Others 4.4.1 Passives 4.
4.1.1 Derived Passive Verbs 4.4.1.2 Passives with - 4.4.1.
3 Passives with Other Support Verbs 4.4.1.4 Passives with -/ - 4.4.2 The Compound Vowel 1.2.2.
5 Basic Consonants 1.2.2.6 Aspirated Consonants 1.2.2.7 Tensed or ''Double'' Consonants 1.2.
3 Pronunciation Changes 1.2.3.1 Pronunciation of Syllable-final Consonants 1.2.3.2 Simplification of Consonant Clusters 1.2.
3.3 Re-syllabification 1.2.3.4 Nasal Assimilation 1.2.3.5 r/l pronounced as n 1.
2.3.6 n pronounced as l 1.2.3.7 Palatalisation of t and .