Contents Acknowledgments - vii Introduction - 1 1.When Risks Outweigh Benefits: The Effectiveness, Effects, and Side Effects of NCLB - 7 The Diagnosis and Prescription - 7 The Effects and Effectiveness of NCLB - 11 Side Effects of NCLB - 15 Summary - 21 2.The Missed Lesson from Medical Research for Education: Why Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) Couldn't Cure Reading First - 24 The Case of Reading First - 24 Side Effects: The Missed Lesson from Medicine - 32 Moving Beyond RCT: A Summary - 36 3.Unproductive Successes and Productive Failures: Direct Instruction and Classroom Side Effects - 38 The Grievance of Direct Instruction - 40 Effectiveness Versus Effects of Direct Instruction - 43 Effects and Side Effects of Direct Instruction - 50 Summary - 54 4.At What Cost: Side Effects at the System Level in East Asia - 56 The Surprising Admiration for East Asian Education - 56 Evidence of Effectiveness - 57 The Asian Treatment - 60 Asian Treatment at Work: Effects and Side Effects - 65 Summary - 74 5.The Rabbit Hole of Visible Learning:Invisible Side Effects Lurk Ahead - 75 Many Educational Outcomes - 78 An Ecological Metaphor - 79 Outcomes Versus Outcomes: Side Effects of Pursuing Academic Achievement - 82 Summary - 88 6.From When Is It Effective to Who Gets Hurt: When Vouchers Don't Work - 89 Aptitude-Treatment Interaction - 90 Lessons from ATI Research - 92 From Effects to Side Effects - 94 Who Gets Hurt: The Case of School Vouchers - 96 Summary - 103 7.The Futile Quest for Panacea: Wars, Pendulum Swings, and Snake Oil in Education - 104 Cyclical Warfare and Pendulum Swings in Education - 105 The Elusive Middle Ground - 109 The Quest for Panacea - 110 Neglecting Side Effects - 114 Raging Wars and New Panacea: A Summary - 116 8.

Study Side Effects Now: A Call to Action - 118 Why Study Side Effects? - 119 Why Haven't We? - 126 A Call to Action - 128 Side Effects of Studying Side Effects: Conclusion - 132 References - 133 Index - 156 About the Author - 168.