Introduction xiii Hervé ZWIRN Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and a Review of Interpretations 1 Hervé ZWIRN 1.1 Quantum formalism 2 1.1.1 States and observations 2 1.1.2 Evolution of the state of a system without and with measurement 3 1.2 The measurement problem 4 1.3 Interpretations 7 1.

3.1 Changes in formalism 7 1.3.2 The Copenhagen interpretation 8 1.3.3 The dualist interpretation of von Neumann, Wigner, London and Bauer 9 1.3.4 Everett''s interpretation 10 1.

3.5 Relational interpretation 11 1.3.6 QBism 11 1.3.7 Pragmatism 12 1.3.8 Convivial solipsism 13 1.

4 Conclusion 14 Chapter 2 Bohrian Realism 15 Thomas RYCKMAN 2.1 The observational problem 16 2.2 Objectivity 18 2.3 Subject and object 19 2.4 Redefining "phenomenon" 24 2.5 Realism, without representationalism 27 2.6 References 30 Chapter 3 The Many-worlds View of Quantum Mechanics 33 Lev VAIDMAN Chapter 4 Probability in Everett 53 Jeffrey A. BARRETT 4.

1 Introduction 53 4.2 How Everett understood the measurement problem 55 4.3 Relative records and subjective experience 58 4.4 Everett''s account of probability 61 4.5 Strong adequacy and pure wave mechanics 65 4.6 Splitting worlds and self-location 66 4.7 Two metaphysical options 68 4.8 Interacting worlds 72 4.

9 Discussion 73 4.10 References 74 Chapter 5 Quantum Theory from a Pragmatist Perspective 79 Richard HEALEY 5.1 A pragmatist perspective 79 5.2 How quantum theory implements the novel strategy 82 5.3 No measurement problem 86 5.4 No nonlocal action 88 5.5 Application of quantum field models 91 5.6 Wigner''s friend 93 5.

7 Extending Wigner''s friend 94 5.8 Four kinds of quantum relativism 100 5.9 References 106 Chapter 6 The Role of the Observer: Convivial Solipsism 109 Hervé ZWIRN 6.1 Current interpretations 109 6.1.1 Philosophical positions 109 6.1.2 Realism 110 6.

1.3 Idealism 110 6.1.4 Instrumentalism and pragmatism 111 6.1.5 Changes in formalism 111 6.1.6 The Copenhagen school 111 6.

1.7 The dualist interpretation of von Neumann, Wigner, London and Bauer 112 6.1.8 Pragmatism 113 6.1.9 Relational interpretation 113 6.1.10 QBism 114 6.

1.11 Everett''s interpretation 115 6.2 Convivial Solipsism 115 6.2.1 The hanging-on mechanism 117 6.2.2 Relativity yet conviviality 120 6.2.

3 Empirical reality and phenomenal reality 123 6.2.4 The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox 124 6.2.5 Is there really such a thing as non-locality? 126 6.3 Conclusion 129 6.4 References 131 Chapter 7 Copenhagenish Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 133 David SCHMID, Yìlè YiNG and Matthew S. LEIFER 7.

1 Introduction 134 7.2 Copenhagenish interpretations 137 7.2.1 Four defining postulates 137 7.2.2 What Copenhagenish interpretations are not 147 7.2.3 Shifty splits 152 7.

3 The measurement problem 155 7.4 Wigner''s friend 158 7.4.1 Wigner''s enemy 161 7.4.2 Wigner''s stalkee and penpal 164 7.5 Conclusion 166 7.6 Acknowledgments 167 7.

7 References 167 Chapter 8 Dark Energy 171 Nathalie PALANQUE-DELABROUILLE 8.1 The expanding universe 171 8.2 First clues to the existence of dark energy 173 8.3 What could the nature of dark energy be? 175 8.4 The standard model of cosmology 177 8.5 Observational approaches to deciphering dark energy 180 8.6 The origin of a standard ruler for measuring cosmic expansion 182 8.7 DESI and large-scale galaxy surveys 184 8.

8 A new turning point for dark energy? 186 8.9 Conclusion 190 8.10 References 191 Chapter 9 Dark Matter 193 Françoise COMBES 9.1 A brief historical overview 193 9.2 On a galaxy scale: rotation curves of spiral galaxies 197 9.3 Scaling relationships for rotation curves 198 9.4 Galaxies without dark matter: intriguing exceptions 201 9.5 Dark matter on the scale of galaxy clusters 202 9.

6 Cosmic shear and cluster collisions: revealing dark matter 204 9.7 The cosmic microwave background: a measurement of unparalleled precision 206 9.8 Dark matter solutions 208 9.9 Experiments for the direct detection of dark matter 211 9.10 Indirect detection of dark matter 212 9.11 Modified gravity 213 9.12 Conclusion 216 9.13 References 216 Chapter 10 Gravitational Waves 219 Matteo BARSUGLIA and Simone MASTROGIOVANNI 10.

1 Introduction 219 10.2 Gravitational waves in the framework of the general relativity theory 220 10.3 Gravitational wave sources 221 10.4 Gravitational wave detectors 222 10.5 The first gravitational wave detection, GW150914 225 10.6 GW170817 multimessenger observation 226 10.7 The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observations 227 10.8 The astrophysical properties of compact binary coalescences 229 10.

9 Cosmology with populations of gravitational waves 231 10.10 Tests of general relativity with a population of gravitational waves 232 10.11 Future detectors: Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer and LISA 233 10.12 References 235 Chapter 11 What is the Energy of the Vacuum? 239 Bruno MANSOULIÉ 11.1 Introduction 239 11.2 General relativity 240 11.2.1 The foundations of GR and its successes 240 11.

2.2 The cosmological constant 242 11.3 A rapidly expanding universe 242 11.3.1 Vacuum energy interpretation 243 11.4 Quantum field theory: the basics 244 11.4.1 Non-relativistic quantum theory: ground state 244 11.

4.2 Relativistic quantum theory: the basics, the successes 244 11.4.3 Problems of quantum field theory: infinities, renormalization 245 11.3 Vacuum energy in a QFT 247 11.3.1 Naive estimate 247 11.3.

2 Toward a better estimate? 248 11.3.3 A few leads 249 11.3.4 Tracks in particle physics 252 11.3.5 General relativity tracks 253 11.4 Conclusion 254 11.

5 References 255 Chapter 12 Temporality in Relativistic Space-time 257 Marc LACHIÈZE-REY 12.1 Relativistic temporal effects 257 12.2 From time to space-time 258 12.2.1 Aspects of Newtonian time 258 12.2.2 Space-time 260 12.2.

3 Histories and proper durations 260 12.2.4 RTEs in space-time 261 12.3 Time shifts 262 12.3.1 Spectral shifts 263 12.3.2 Kinematic shift 264 12.

3.3 Gravitational shifts 265 12.3.4 Pound and Rebka''s experiment 265 12.3.5 At the Tokyo Tower 266 12.3.6 Astrophysical gravitational shifts 266 12.

4 Time delays 267 12.4.1 Hafele-Keating experiment: shifts and delays 268 12.4.2 Shifts, delays and GPS 269 12.4.3 Close to a black hole 269 12.4.

4 The Shapiro delay 270 12.5 What to do with time 271 12.5.1 Time and the speed of time 271 12.5.2 The speed of time 273 12.6 Conclusion 274 Chapter 13 A History of Thought Experiments in Quantum Gravity 275 Thiago HARTZ and Olival FREIRE JUNIOR 13.1 Introduction 275 13.

2 Thoughts experiments before quantum theory 276 13.3 Thought experiments in quantum theory 278 13.4 Thought experiments turned real 280 13.5 Approaches to quantum gravity 281 13.6 Thought experiments in quantum gravity 284 13.6.1 Analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism 284 13.6.

2 Proper order between formalism and measurement analysis 285 13.6.3 The search for inconsistencies and contradictions 288 13.6.4 The experiment suggested by Belinfante and Feynman 292 13.6.5 General relativity as a theory valid only for small fluctuations 293 13.7 Promises of experimental quantum gravity 295 13.

8 Conclusions 296 13.9 Acknowledgements 297 13.10 References 297 Chapter 14 Possibility in Physics 303 Baptiste LE BIHAN, Emilia MARGONI and Annica VIESER 14.1 Introduction 303 14.2 Classical mechanics 305 14.3 Kinematical and dynamical possibilities 308 14.4 General relativity 311 14.5 Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics 315 14.

6 Concluding remarks 319 14.7 Acknowledgments 321 14.8 References 321 List of Authors 323 Index 325.