Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1. Trends in Arabic Thought between Past and Present: The Arab Heritage and Modernity; 2. Al-Aqlaniyya al-Mu'tadila (Moderate Rationalism): Yousuf Karam (1889-1959); 3. Al-Rahimaniyya (Womb-ism): Zaki al-Din al-Arsuzi (1899-1968); 4. Al-Madrahiyya (Material Spiritualism): Antoun Saadeh (1904-49); 5. Al-Jawwaniyya (Internalism): Othman Amin (1905-78); 6. Al-Kiyaniyya (Beingism): Charles Malik (1906-87); 7. Al-Wad'iyya al-Mantiqiyya (Logical Positivism) and al-Istilahiyya al-Suriyya (Formalist Conventionalism): Zaki Naguib Mahmoud (1905-93) and Yasin Khalil (1934-86); 8.

Al-Shakhsaniyya al-Mutawassitiyya (Mediterranean Personalism): Rene Habachi (1915-2003); 9. Al-T'aduliyya (Equilibriumism) and al-Naslamiyya (Christislamity): Kamal Yousuf al-Hajj (1917-76); 10. Al-Wujudiyya al-Arabiyya (Arab Existentialism): Abderrahmane Badawi (1917-2002); 11. Al-Shakhsaniyya al-Waqi'yya (Realistic Personalism): Mohammed Aziz Lahbabi (1922-2003); 12. Al-Illmawiyya (Scientism): Mohammed Abderrahman Marhaba (1925-2006); 13. Al-Aqlaniyya al-Arabiyya (Arab Rationalism): Husam al-Alusi (1936-2013); 14. Al-Tarikhiyya al-Madiyya (Historical Materialism): Sadik Jalal al-Azm (1934-2016); 15. Al-Tafkikiyya (Deconstructionism) and al-Ikhtilaf (Difference): Abdelkebir Khatibi (1938-2009); 16.

Fatema Mernissi (1940-2015): Modernity and the Standard-Bearer of Feminism; 17 Al-Tanwiriyya Rushdiyya (Rushdian Enlightenment): Murad Wahbah (1926-); Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.