This book provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the provisional measures regime in investor-State arbitration, from the legal basis of provisional measures in investor-State arbitration to the purpose of provisional measures, from the categories of provisional measures to provisional measures suspending parallel proceedings, and from the authority of investor-State arbitral tribunals to grant provisional measures to the requirements for granting provisional measures and to the compliance with provisional measures. The system of provisional measures in investor-State arbitration can be divided into ICSID arbitration and non-ICSID arbitration, and comparison and anatomy can be conducted within the system. In addition, it is interesting to see how these issues are dealt with in the interim measures taken by the ICJ. In view of this, this book intends to compare the provisional measures in the ICSID arbitration and non-ICSID arbitration within the investor-State arbitration system, and compare the provisional measures in the investor-State arbitration with the interim measures in the ICJ, so as to anatomize the system of provisional measures and provide some guidance for the international lawyers in their future arbitral (judicial) practice.