About the Author xi Preface xiii 1 Law in the Gulf 1 1.1 Basis of Government 1 1.2 Federal Jurisdiction in the UAE 2 1.3 Role of Islamic Shari''ah 3 1.4 Civil Law 6 1.5 Jurisprudence Constante 8 1.6 Financial Free Zones 10 2 Construction Contracts 13 2.1 Commercial and Civil Contracts Distinguished 13 2.

2 Muqawala 18 2.3 Delict (Tort) 19 2.4 Public Procurement 21 2.5 Administrative Contracts 25 3 Contract Formation 27 3.1 Components of a Valid Contract 27 3.2 Offer and Acceptance 28 3.3 Certainty 30 3.4 Consent 33 3.

5 Capacity and Authority 34 4 Effects of a Contract 35 4.1 Binding and Effective 35 4.2 Statutory Limits 36 4.3 Third Parties 39 4.4 Subcontractors 41 5 Interpretation 43 5.1 Words and Intentions 43 5.2 Presumption Against Liability 47 5.3 Absence of Express Terms 48 6 Good Faith and Related Principles 51 6.

1 Good Faith 51 6.2 Related Obligations 53 6.3 Abuse of Rights 55 6.4 Unfair Contract Terms 56 6.5 Unforeseen Circumstances 58 6.6 Extraneous Cause and Force Majeure 60 7 Health, Safety and Welfare 63 7.1 Construction Safety in the Gulf 63 7.2 Design, Planning and Supervision 69 7.

3 Welfare 71 7.4 International Labour Organization 74 7.5 Inspection and Reporting 75 7.6 Sanctions and Penalties 78 8 Design and Supervision 85 8.1 Duty of Care 85 8.2 Obligation of Result 88 8.3 Standard of Care 90 8.4 Defences 91 8.

5 Statutory Duties 91 8.6 Compensation 93 8.7 Joint Liability 93 9 Defects 97 9.1 Materials 97 9.2 Workmanship 98 9.3 Statutory Duties 100 9.4 Remedies 102 10 Decennial Liability 105 10.1 Statutory Sources 106 10.

2 Strict Liability 108 10.3 Contractual Status and Defences 109 10.4 Compensation 111 10.5 Mitigating Decennial Liability Risk 112 10.6 Public Projects 114 11 Physical Damage and Personal Injury 117 11.1 Delict 117 11.2 Criminal Damage 118 11.3 Presumed Liability for Property Damage 119 11.

4 Inherent Danger (Nuisance) 120 11.5 Service Lines and Public Utilities 121 12 Time for Completion 123 12.1 Absence of Agreement 123 12.2 Extension of Time 124 12.3 Subcontractor Delay and Extraneous Cause 126 12.4 Delay Rendering Time at Large 128 12.5 Concurrent Delay 129 13 Delay Damages 135 13.1 Delay Damages and Penalties 135 13.

2 Reducing Delay Damages 136 13.3 Increasing Delay Damages 141 13.4 Termination for Delay 141 13.5 Delay Damages Following Termination 142 13.6 Administrative Contracts 143 13.7 Prolongation Costs 145 14 Price 147 14.1 Formation of a Contract 147 14.2 Fair Remuneration: Contractor 148 14.

3 Fair Remuneration: Consultant 150 14.4 Adjustment of the Contract Price 151 14.5 Subcontracts 153 14.6 Supply Contracts 153 14.7 Public Procurement 154 15 Payment 157 15.1 Payment on Delivery 157 15.2 Payment Certificates 158 15.3 Subcontracts 159 15.

4 Conditional Payment Clauses 160 15.5 Bank Guarantee 166 15.6 Cheque 167 15.7 Payment Order 170 16 Interest 173 16.1 Riba and Usury 173 16.2 Contractual Interest 175 16.3 Late Payment Interest 176 16.4 Judgment Debt Interest 180 16.

5 Interest Under the FIDIC Conditions 181 16.6 Financing Charges 182 17 Suspension and Termination 185 17.1 Statutory Right of Suspension 185 17.2 Excluding the Right of Suspension 187 17.3 Notice of Suspension 188 17.4 Termination of an Innominate Contract 188 17.5 Notice of Termination and Need for a Court Order 191 17.6 Termination of a Muqawala: Employer 192 17.

7 Termination of a Muqawala: Contractor 193 17.8 Consequences of Termination 197 17.9 Impossibility and Force Majeure 199 18 Pre-emptive Remedies 201 18.1 Retention of Ownership 201 18.2 Possessory Lien 203 18.3 Priority Right 205 18.4 Direct Payment 206 18.5 Set Off 207 19 Damages 211 19.

1 Performance by Compulsion 211 19.2 Entitlement to Damages 213 19.3 Measure of Loss 213 19.4 Assessment of Damages 216 19.5 Causation and Global Claims 217 19.6 Loss of Profit 220 19.7 Consequential and Indirect Loss 221 19.8 Mitigation 224 19.

9 Limitation of Liability 224 20 Evidence 227 20.1 Burden and Standard of Proof 227 20.2 Evidentiary Presumptions 228 20.3 Documents and Electronic Records 229 20.4 Disclosure and Production 230 20.5 Witness Testimony 232 20.6 Court-Appointed Experts 233 21 Prescription 237 21.1 Islamic Shari''ah 237 21.

2 Commercial Obligations 238 21.3 Civil and Professional Obligations 239 21.4 Varying a Prescription Period 240 22 Civil Proceedings 245 22.1 Court Structure 245 22.2 International Jurisdiction 251 22.3 Jurisdiction Between Emirates 252 22.4 Commencement of Proceedings 253 22.5 Proceedings Against the Government 255 22.

6 Court of Summary Matters 256 22.7 Mediation and Adjudication 262 23 Enforcement 267 23.1 Enforcement Courts 267 23.2 Procedure and Methods of Enforcement 268 23.3 Appeal and Stay of Execution 269 23.4 Financial Free Zone Courts 270 23.5 Enforcement Outside the Jurisdiction 272 24 Arbitration 277 24.1 Arbitration in the Gulf 277 24.

2 Treaty Arbitration 279 24.3 Form of an Arbitration Agreement and Survival 280 24.4 Authority to Agree 285 24.5 Public Order and Other Constraints 289 24.6 Jurisdiction, Pre-arbitration Conditions and Costs 292 24.7 Procedures and Formalities 296 24.8 Time Limit for the Final Award 303 24.9 Enforcement of Domestic Awards 305 24.

10 Enforcement of Foreign Awards 309 25 Gulf Construction Law: Essence and Essentials 315 25.1 Development of Common Law and Civil Law 315 25.2 Key Themes of Gulf Construction Law 317 25.3 Limits on Rights 321 25.4 Role of the Gulf''s Onshore Civil Courts 324 25.5 Islamic Shari''ah 325 25.6 Gulf States Contrasted 326 Commentary: FIDIC Conditions 331 Glossary 443 Index 447.