Preface 1 Background and History Overview Historical Contexts of Unaccompanied Children in the United States -Operation Pedro Plan -Operation Babylift -US Refugee Act of 1980 -Flores Settlement Agreement -Homeland Security Act of 2002 -Unaccompanied Alien Child Protection Act of 2005 -Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 Unaccompanied Children Today Unaccompanied Children and the US Immigration System -Apprehension and Processing at the Border -Unaccompanied Children Program -Unaccompanied Refugee Minor Program Conclusion Further Reading 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions Reasons for Migration Hazards of the Migration Journey Border Detention and Screening Issues Human Trafficking and Economic Exploitation Zero Tolerance and Family Separation Unaccompanied Children and Mental Health Unaccompanied Children and Education Challenges with Family Reunification Unaccompanied Children and Immigration Law Further Reading 3 Perspectives Challenges and Solutions to Navigating the US Education System for Unaccompanied Children, Kerri Evans Unaccompanied Children and Labor Exploitation in the United States, Zayna Lyon Navigating the Immigration System to Reunite Families with Their Separated Children, Maryam Rafieifar Serving Children in a System That No Longer Serves Them, Silvia Melgar 4 Profiles Organizations -Bethany Christian Services -Center for Immigration and Child Welfare -Church World Service -Dorcas International Institute of Rhode Island -Endeavors -Global Refuge -Heartland Human Care Services -International Rescue Committee -Kids in Need of Defense -Kino Border Initiative -Migration Policy Institute -Morrison Child and Family Services -Office of Refugee Resettlement -Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services -United States Conference of Catholic Bishops -US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants -US Customs and Border Protection -Young Center for Immigrant Children's Rights People -David Miliband (1965- ) -Eskinder Negash (1956- ) -Krish O'Mara Vignarajah (1979- ) -Richard Santos -Mark J. Seitz (1954- ) -Andrew Selee (1968- ) -Wendy Young 5 Documents From U.S. Senate Hearing "Ensuring the Safety and Well-Being of Unaccompanied Children" Opening Statement of Hon. Richard J. Durbin, US Senator from Illinois (June 14, 2023) Opening Statement of Hon. Lindsey O. Graham, US Senator from South Carolina (June 14, 2023) Testimony of Venus Bradley, Foster Parent, Durham, North Carolina (June 14, 2023) Testimony of Lorie Davidson, LCSW-C, Vice President, Children and Family Services, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service, Baltimore, Maryland (June 14, 2023) Testimony of Lora Ries, Director, Border Security and Immigration Center, Heritage Foundation, Washington, DC (June 14, 2023) Testimony of Robin Dunn Marcos, Director, Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services (October 25, 2023) Testimony of Joseph Salazar, Office Director, Office of Central American Affairs, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (October 25, 2023) Testimony of Cardell T.

Morant, Assistant Director Homeland Security Investigations, Center for Countering Human Trafficking, US Department of Homeland Security (October 25, 2023) 6 Resources Articles Reports Book Media 7 Chronology Glossary Index.