Acknowledgments Haichka Foreword / Chief Ron Sam Preface Introduction / Graham Brazier, Peter Cook, Hamar Foster, John Lutz, and Neil Vallance Part 1: First Nation and Colonial Understandings of Indigenous Land Rights 1 Note on the Early Life and Career of James Douglas / Graham Brazier 2 Indigenous Lands, Imperial Travels, and James Douglas / Adele Perry 3 More or Less Human: Colonialism, Law, and the Social Construction of Humanity on Vancouver Island, 1849-1864 / Laura Spitz 4 The Imperial Law of Aboriginal Title at the Time of the Douglas Treaties: What Was It? / Hamar Foster Part 2: Treaty Texts 5 The Earliest First Nation Accounts of the Formation of the Vancouver Island (or Douglas) Treaties of 1850-1854 / Neil Vallance 6 First Nation Language Texts of the Vancouver Island Treaties Introduction / Neil Vallance SENcOtEN Language Treaty Text / STOLCEL John Elliott Sr. Lekwungen Language Treaty Text / Elmer George 7 Huu-ay-aht t'ayii hawil (Head Chief) liishin's Land Transaction with Government Agent William Banfield in 1859 / Kevin Neary Part 3: The Beginning and End of Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island 8 Land, First Nations and James Douglas and the Background to Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island / Graham Brazier 9 The Rutter's Impasse and the End of Treaty Making on Vancouver Island / John Sutton Lutz Part 4: After the Treaties 10 "For Ever Removing the Fertile Cause of Agrarian Disturbance": Governor James Douglas' British Columbia Unsurveyed Land System / Sarah Pike 11 "The Last Potlatch": James Douglas' Vision of an Alternative Form of Settler Colonialism / Keith Thor Carlson Afterword / Robert Clifford, Maxine Matilpi, and Stephen Hume Appendix: Timeline / Hamar Foster and Neil Vallance Index.