Acknowledgments Preface Introduction: Threats, Disinformation and Regulations in the European Digital Environment: The Inseparable Issues Katerina Turková (Charles University, Czech Republic) Section 1: Mapping the Threats and Trust in Disinformation in the European Digital Environment 1. Trust in Information Sources in Czechia and Slovakia Using the Example of COVID-19 Vaccination Katerina Turková, Lubos Gregus (University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia), Jana Radosinská (University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia), and Veronika Macková (Charles University, Czech Republic) 2. Disinformation about Migrants: Fueling Hate Speech Ana Azurmendi (University of Navarra, Spain) and Fernanda María Novoa-Jaso (University of Navarra, Spain) 3. New Topics but Still the Same Narratives: COVID-19 and War in Ukraine on the Czech Language Disinformation Websites (Case Studies) Alice Nemcová Tejkalová (Charles University, Czech Republic), Veronika Macková, and Victoria Nainová (Charles University, Czech Republic) Section 2: Approaches to Threats and Combatting Disinformation in the European Digital Environment: Examples of Good Practices 4. Attempting to Fight Disinformation without Jeopardizing Media and Speech Freedom: A Comparative Analysis of Eight European Countries Alice Nemcová Tejkalová, Anna Shavit (Charles University, Czech Republic), Katerina Turková, Veronika Macková, and Nicole Stremlau (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) 5. Fighting Disinformation in the European Media Context: The Case of Croatia Barbara Ravbar (Charles University, Czech Republic) 6.

Perceptions toward Disinformation and Regulation in Romania: A Case Study on Public Policy Support Flavia Durach (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Alina Bargaoanu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Loredana Vladu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), and Iuliana Calin (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania) Section 3: Regulations in the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 7. Legal Aspects of Disinformation Eva Fialová (Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) 8. Mapping the European Union''s Evolving Legislative Efforts to Combat Disinformation Ethan Shattock (Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland) 9. Prospects of a New Spanish Regulation - Law on Journalism and Media Ana Azurmendi Section 4: Current Challenges of the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 10. Hate Speech and Hate Crime in European Digital Environment: Problems, Documented Effects and Coping Mechanisms Katerina Turková 11. Visualizing Tortures and Wars: Visual Representation and Photojournalism Ethics of Bucha Massacre in Online Print Media Barbora Soucková (Charles University, Czech Republic) and Zuzana Jarolímková (Charles University, Czech Republic) About the Contributors Charles University, Czech Republic), Veronika Macková, and Victoria Nainová (Charles University, Czech Republic) Section 2: Approaches to Threats and Combatting Disinformation in the European Digital Environment: Examples of Good Practices 4. Attempting to Fight Disinformation without Jeopardizing Media and Speech Freedom: A Comparative Analysis of Eight European Countries Alice Nemcová Tejkalová, Anna Shavit (Charles University, Czech Republic), Katerina Turková, Veronika Macková, and Nicole Stremlau (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) 5. Fighting Disinformation in the European Media Context: The Case of Croatia Barbara Ravbar (Charles University, Czech Republic) 6.

Perceptions toward Disinformation and Regulation in Romania: A Case Study on Public Policy Support Flavia Durach (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Alina Bargaoanu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Loredana Vladu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), and Iuliana Calin (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania) Section 3: Regulations in the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 7. Legal Aspects of Disinformation Eva Fialová (Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) 8. Mapping the European Union''s Evolving Legislative Efforts to Combat Disinformation Ethan Shattock (Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland) 9. Prospects of a New Spanish Regulation - Law on Journalism and Media Ana Azurmendi Section 4: Current Challenges of the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 10. Hate Speech and Hate Crime in European Digital Environment: Problems, Documented Effects and Coping Mechanisms Katerina Turková 11. Visualizing Tortures and Wars: Visual Representation and Photojournalism Ethics of Bucha Massacre in Online Print Media Barbora Soucková (Charles University, Czech Republic) and Zuzana Jarolímková (Charles University, Czech Republic) About the Contributors ania), Loredana Vladu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), and Iuliana Calin (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania) Section 3: Regulations in the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 7. Legal Aspects of Disinformation Eva Fialová (Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) 8. Mapping the European Union''s Evolving Legislative Efforts to Combat Disinformation Ethan Shattock (Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland) 9.

Prospects of a New Spanish Regulation - Law on Journalism and Media Ana Azurmendi Section 4: Current Challenges of the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 10. Hate Speech and Hate Crime in European Digital Environment: Problems, Documented Effects and Coping Mechanisms Katerina Turková 11. Visualizing Tortures and Wars: Visual Representation and Photojournalism Ethics of Bucha Massacre in Online Print Media Barbora Soucková (Charles University, Czech Republic) and Zuzana Jarolímková (Charles University, Czech Republic) About the Contributors Photojournalism Ethics of Bucha Massacre in Online Print Media Barbora Soucková (Charles University, Czech Republic) and Zuzana Jarolímková (Charles University, Czech Republic) About the Contributors Charles University, Czech Republic), Veronika Macková, and Victoria Nainová (Charles University, Czech Republic) Section 2: Approaches to Threats and Combatting Disinformation in the European Digital Environment: Examples of Good Practices 4. Attempting to Fight Disinformation without Jeopardizing Media and Speech Freedom: A Comparative Analysis of Eight European Countries Alice Nemcová Tejkalová, Anna Shavit (Charles University, Czech Republic), Katerina Turková, Veronika Macková, and Nicole Stremlau (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) 5. Fighting Disinformation in the European Media Context: The Case of Croatia Barbara Ravbar (Charles University, Czech Republic) 6. Perceptions toward Disinformation and Regulation in Romania: A Case Study on Public Policy Support Flavia Durach (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Alina Bargaoanu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), Loredana Vladu (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania), and Iuliana Calin (National University for Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania) Section 3: Regulations in the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 7. Legal Aspects of Disinformation Eva Fialová (Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) 8. Mapping the European Union''s Evolving Legislative Efforts to Combat Disinformation Ethan Shattock (Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland) 9.

Prospects of a New Spanish Regulation - Law on Journalism and Media Ana Azurmendi Section 4: Current Challenges of the European Digital Environment in Relation to Disinformation 10. Hate Speech and Hate Crime in European Digital Environment: Problems, Documented Effects and Coping Mechanisms Katerina Turková 11. Visualizing Tortures and Wars: Visual Representation and Photojournalism Ethics of Bucha Massacre in Online Print Media Barbora Soucková (Charles University, Czech Republic) and Zuzana Jarolímková (Charles University, Czech Republic) About the Contributors Charles University, Czech Republic), Veronika Macková, and Victoria Nainová (Charles University, Czech Republic) Section 2: Approaches to Threats and Combatting Disinformation in the European Digital Environment: Examples of Good Practices 4. Attempting to Fight Disinformation without Jeopardizing Media and Speech Freedom: A Comparative Analysis of Eight Europ.